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• Electric force


  A push or pull between charged objects
• Objects become charged


  • They gain or lose electrons
• Like charges


  Positive-positive or negative-negative, repel each other
• Opposite charges


  Positive-negative, attract each other
• Electric fields


  • Surround charged objects
  • Arrows show direction a positive test charge would move
  • Strength decreases with distance from charged object
• Electric energy


  The ability to do work by moving charged particles
• Devices that use electric energy

  • Lights
  • Appliances
  • Electronic devices
• Potential energy


  The energy an object has due to its position or state
• Current flows from high to low potential


  Electrons move from low to high potential
• Voltage


  The force pushing electricity through a circuit
• Circuit is complete


  Electricity flows, providing energy to devices
• Current


  The flow of electric charge in a circuit
• Resistance


  Roadblocks in the circuit, slowing down current flow
• Conductors


  Materials that conduct heat, electricity, light, or sound
• Positive terminal of battery represents higher potential energy
• Experiencing an electric shock feels...
• Static electricity


  Electricity that stays in one place and doesn't move
• Charging methods


  1. Rubbing (friction)

  2. Contact (conduction)

  3. Induction

  4. Polarization
• Conduction


  • Rubbing balloon against hair
• Friction


  • Rubbing plastic ruler with cloth
• Induction


  • Bringing negatively charged balloon near neutral metal doorknob
• Polarization


  • Rubbing plastic comb with cloth, then bringing near paper
• Potential energy in static electricity

  • Comes from separation of positive and negative charges
  • Higher the separation, higher the potential energy
• Static discharge


  Excess charges jump from one object to another, causing sparks or small shocks