EAPP Midterms

• The Best Ways To Learn English

  • Take a course
  • Learn English grammar
  • Learn a new English word every day
  • Make an English-speaking friend
  • Read a book written in English
  • Watch an English movie
  • Purchase a computer program
  • Work on perfecting your accent
• Old English


  Language of the Germanic Inhabitants of England from 5th century to the end of the 11th century
• Old Norse


  Influenced English
• The Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes


  Founders of the English Nation
• Middle English


  English influenced by French and Latin from 1100-1500
• William of Normandy


  Conquered England in 1066
• Modern English


  English Language since about 1450 or 1500
• William Caxton


  Introduced the movable printing process in 1476
• Indo-European Languages


  • Hellenic: Ancient Greek; Modern Greek
  • Italic: Latin; Roman Languages: Italian, Spanish French, Portuguese,, Romanian, Provencal
  • Germanic: English, German, Dutch, Flemish, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic
  • Celtic: Irish, Gaelic, Manx; Welsh, Cornish, Breton
• Celts


  Original inhabitants of the British Isles
• Dialect


  Variation of a language
• Case


  Choice of form depending on the function of words in the sentence
• Standardization


  The "ideal" norm or model of usage
• Mutually Intelligible Language


  Languages that are distinct from each other
• Similarities between Academic and Professional Writing


  • Incorporate composing by individuals who need to convey scholastic, expert, and specialized data
  • Require you to formulate your idea clearly(main)
• Differences between Academic and Professional Writing


  • Academic writing is mostly to showcase your research and expertise in a specific area or topic of interest, while professional writing is often done to influence or convince someone of something
  • Your audience is typically different in both these situations
  • Professional documents can be written in a different tone than academic works because you have a little more wiggle room to present your ideas
• Academic Writing


  Academic essays; thesis, dissertation, library research
• Professional Writing


  Instructional materials, specifications, brochures, business correspondences, business and technical reports
• General Tips in Academic Text


  • Follow the basics in the writing process
  • Use quotations sparingly. paraphrase information as much as possible
  • Avoid using an imperative tone
  • Avoid excessive fonts such as too much use of boldface, underline, and italics
  • Be consistent with the type of English you use
  • Plan wisely. Allot time in preparing your writing assignment
• General Tips in Professional Text


  • Follow the basics of writing process
  • Anticipate reader's beliefs, values, motivations, and possible objections
  • Adjust your language based on your relationship with the receiver of the document
  • Study the format used by your organization and incorporate it into your writing
  • Avoid excessive fonts such as too much use of boldface, underline, and italics
  • Be consistent with the type of English you use
• Skimming


  Gist reading to know a text in its most basic level
• Scanning


  Reading a text quickly in order to find a specific information
• Intensive Reading


  For high degree of comprehension and retention over a long period of time, basically a "study" technique for organizing readings
• Extensive Reading


  Involves reading for pleasure, requires a fluid decoding and assimilation of the text
• Narration


  A basic strategy used by writers for presenting action, can be subjective or objective
• Types of Definition


  • Standard Definition
  • Regulatory Definition
  • Qualifying Definition
  • Personal Definition
  • Invented Definition
• Classification


  Involves combining objects of terms into categories based on distinct characteristics
• Comparison and Contrast


  Comparison is to see how two objects or items are alike while contrast is to identify their differences
• Cause and Effect


  State or explains reasons why things happen or explains the results of certain phenomena
• Thesis Statement


  The central idea of a multiple-paragraph composition, it says something about the topic
• Characteristics of a Thesis Statement


  • Covers exactly the topic you want to talk about
  • Let your reader know what to expect
  • Usually appears in the introductory part
  • Helps you better organize and develop the contents of your paper
• Considerations in Identifying Thesis Statement


  • Claim
  • Evidence
  • Significance
• How To Write an Effective Thesis Statement

  • It should be written in a complete sentence with a clear stated subject
  • It should not be too narrow or too broad, and it should contain at least two details
  • Avoid an awkward thesis statement which states the obvious
  • Enumerated details should have the same level of significance
  • It should not state an absolute fact. It should have more than one point
• Precis


  A summarized version of a speech, a publication, a journal, a thesis, or any other long textual outputs
• Steps in Writing a Critical Summary

  • Read and re-read the original text carefully
  • Resist the urge to argue or critique right away
  • Try to avoid excessive quotations
• Abstract


  Highlights key content areas, research purpose, relevance or importance of your work and the main outcomes
• Why Write an Abstract


  • Used for bibliographical databases to search for titles and keywords, indexing a published paper, detailing points, analyses, and arguments in a full paper
  • Required for submission of articles to journals, application for research grants, completion and submission of theses, submission of proposals for conference papers
• Sections of Abstract


  • Reason
• Critical summary


  A summarized version of a speech, a publication, a journal, a thesis, or any other long textual outputs
• Steps in Writing a Critical Summary

  1. Read and re-read the original text carefully

  2. Resist the urge to argue or critique right away

  3. Try to avoid excessive quotations