socsci

• Socio-Anthropological


  Individuals Learn Culture
• Political Issues


  Competent Members
• Socialization


  Allows a person to know the do's and don'ts
• Article No. 3 Bill of Rights 1987
• UDHR of 1948
• UDHR of 1948


  Universal Declaration of Human Rights, declaration, guidelines, backbone or framework of what are human rights, general filter or common good of all
• Enculturation & Socialization


  Mechanisms for learning culture, knowledge, requires more than 1 individual and interaction for these to take place
• Aid for learning: Kapwa Tao


  "nature" viewpoint that human insticts served as formidable references on how individuals relate to society, from instincts to learning
• Instincts


  Drive for a human to do something, concept of learning, became less popular during 20th century, they thought everything was based to this
• Human Learning


  Acquisition of knowledge through socialization by utilizing out senses, change in behavior brought by experiences, long-term, everything can be done to this based on scientific investigation and empirical
• Empirical


  Using senses to get in touch with our surroundings
• Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning


  Basic idea regarding human learning, he discovered that dogs salivate with a trigger or stimulus, an accident experiment, allowed Pavlov to relate how humans learn, acquisition is more strengthened when there's more association
• 2 major concepts of Classical Conditioning

  • Stimulus (factors that trigger a reaction, can be in many forms)
  • Reaction
• Classical Conditioning


  1. 1st trial: dog food -> salivate, bell -> no reaction

  2. 2nd trial: Pairing of stimulus: food & bell -> salivate, bell -> salivation
• Society


  Can either break or make you
• Nurture


  Personality or development is anchored with stimulus
• Learning


  Takes place through non-fragmented and integrated process of passing knowledge from one generation to another, may happen anytime/everytime even outside school
• Enculturation


  Cultural knowledge passed on to the next bearer who will perpetuate and ensure continuance of tradition, ways: immersion, exposure
• Socialization


  To see good or bad, appropriate or inappropriate, has culture, etiquettes, shape and develop personality, to learn and adopt culture to society
• Norms


  Unwritten rules, can be learned through exposure
• Nature vs Nurture


  Issue of development
• Personality Formation


  Organization of forces, totality of oneself, consistent attitudes, values and modes of perception which resilts to consistent behavior, can be changed based on environment, nature side of development, collective characteristics that make up the entirety of being
• Identity


  Influence of social environment of how we see ourselves and how others see us
• Determinants of Personality Formation

  • Nature (learnings from biological or heredital acquired grom ascendants)
  • Nurture (learnings from the outside environment)
• Determinants of Nurture


  • Geographic Environment (personality differences found living in locations with climate and topography, urban - city life, rural - province life, topography - climate, life and water forms)
  • Cultural Environment (learned ways of living, norms, values, and beliefs one gets accustomed in a society, culture - constant company that determines what a person will learn as a member of a society, more exposure - more strengthened, less exposure - less strengthened, deviant - people who do not follow or obey)
  • Social Environment (interactions, one's social role is also a factor in developing personality, sequence of birth and only child)
• Behaviorism


  Learning can happen anytime, controlled and manipulated
• Identity Formation


  Formed through interaction with others, socialization results to imbibe (absorb) certain characteristics and interests that contributed to his/her identity
• Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura


  Children learn through the behavior and doings they see from their elders through observation
• Personality


  Body of a person, thumb mark, symbol of existence, no or less chance of changing
• Identity


  Sense of fashion, observed by other people's eyes, mostly remembered, adapted from others, can change, in born, race, natural
• Personality and Culture


  Main cause: culture and environment that determines behavior, tiny replicas of their culture, culture has deep and permanent effect
• Norms


  Culturally determined rules that says what is right and wrong, proper or not, to establish social order in any order (social order, molding behavior, limit freedom of people)
• Values


  Standards to determine goals and outcomes, good and acceptable by a certain cultural group, criteria people base judgments on behaviors and decisions, PH: used as parameters in separating normal and moral taboos and predators
• Taboos


  Prohibition, e.g. on foods
• Predatory


  E.g. you cannot simply touch a person (SA)
• PH's Norms


  • Norm of Appropriateness (etiquettes in one place, e.g. church)
  • Norm of Tact and Courtesy
• Filipinos' 2 Important Values

  • Value of Industry
  • Utang na loob (reciprocity or debt of gratitude)
• Agents of Socialization


  • Family (prime agent, significant traits)
  • Peer Groups (gives experiences beyond family, personality, most comfortable)
  • School (different types of people, social people, for finding friends)
  • Social Media (every age group, TV newspapers radio net)
  • Church & Interest Groups
  • Workplace
• Statuses and Roles


  "Ako si.." at "Ako ay..", human adjusted based on his/her environment
• 2 types of Status

  • Ascribed (given at birth or later in life, natural: sex, race, ethnicity, rich, royal)
  • Achieved (willfully and consciously through effort, talent, decisions and accomplish, e.g. doctor or teacher)