Volumetric Analysis

• Titration accurately measures the volume of a solution reacting with another
• Titrations can be used for


  1. Finding the concentration of a solution
  2. Identification of an unknown chemicals
  3. Finding the purity of a solution
• How to carry out a titration

  1. Weigh solid
  2. Dissolve solid in beaker using less distilled water than needed to fill the volumetric flask
  3. Solution transferred to volumetric flask. Last traces of solution are rinsed into flask with distilled water
  4. Flask carefully filled to graduation line until bottom of miniscus lines up lines up with the mark at eye level
  5. Volumetric flask slowly inverted several times to mix
• % Uncertainty


  (uncertainty ÷ measurement made) × 100
• Reducing Uncertainties in a Titration


  • Replacing measuring cylinders with pipettes or burettes which have lower apparatus uncertainty
  • Reduce & uncertainty in burette -> titre larger vol (inc conc in conical flask or decrease conc of solution in burette)
• Concordant 


  2 results agreeing within 0.1cm³
• Titration concentration calculation

  
• Scaling Moles in a conical flask

  
• Scaling Moles in a Volumetric flask

  
• Scaling concentration

  
• Titration against amount of standard solution