Digestive System

• chol/e - gall, bile
• col/o - colon
• cyst/o - bladder/sac
• duoden/o - duodenum
• emet/o - vomit
• enter/o - intestine
• esophag/o - esophagus
• gastr/o - stomach
• gingiv/o - gums
• gloss/o - tongue
• hepat/o - liver
• peps/o - digestion
• rect/o - rectum
• sigmoid/o - sigmoid colon
• cholecystectomy - removal of gallbladder
• alimentary canal - hollow tube structure of the digestive system that runs from mouth to anus
• Accessory structures: 

  • Teeth
  • Tongue
  • Salivary glands
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Bile ducts
  • Pancreas
• length of digestive system

  from mouth to duodenum = 0.5m
• length of digestive system

  small intestine = 5.5 - 6.0 m
• length of digestive system

  large Intestine to anus = 1.5 m
• main categories of nutrients

  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • vitamins
  • minerals
• nutrients - required for normal body function; provide energy, growth, and repair
• grains, fruits, and vegetables - where do you get carbohydrates
• energy - what nutrient does lipids give
• A, D, E, K - fat soluble vitamins
• minerals - these nutrients are for proper fluid balance
• purpose of the digestive system:

  • digest food into smaller molecules
  • absorb smaller molecules into the blood 
• 2 types of digestion:

  • mechanical digestion
  • chemical digestion
• mechanical digestion - for physical breakdown of food
• mouth (chewing) - stomach (churning) - small intestine (segmentation)
• form greater surface area for contact with digestive enzymes - goal of mechanical digestion
• chemical digestion - splitting of complex, non-absorbable food molecules into small, absorbable nutrients
• enzymes - speed up the reaction and enable digestion to occur
• oral cavity - where food enters the body
• hard palate - bony roof
• hard palate is formed by maxilla and palatine bone
• soft palate - soft tissue roof; separates oral cavity from nasopharynx
• • uvula - small fleshy structure hanging down at the back of soft palate
• oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelial tissue
• oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelial tissue to prevent abrasion/injury