History

• Yalta Conference


  after WWII

  US Soviet and British leaders met to discuss postwar plans

  divided Germany into occupied zones

  Germans had to pay USSR for losses

  said that East Europe could have free elections

  
• United Nations


  after Yalta Conference

  group to keep peace and prevent war

  several countries came together for this

  
• 5 United Nations (Security Councils)

  Britain

  China

  France

  USSR

  USA

  could veto
• Iron Curtain


  Russia (East Europe) ignored yalta agreement

  installed communist governments in countries on Western border and capitalist were over in West Europe (split)

  potsdam conference
• Potsdam Conference


  Truman spoke out against Stalin's Iron Curtain

  
• Containment


  foreign policy directed at blocking Russia influence and stopping communist expansion

  Truman Doctrine

  Marshall Doctrine

  Berlin Airlift
• Truman Doctrine


  support countries that reject communism
• East Europe


  Communists

  
• West Europe


  Capitalists

  
• Marshall Plan


  help to rebuild Western Europe (not communists)
• Berlin Airlift


  allies flew in supplies to feed Soviet occupied West Berlin
• Cold War


  U.S/Soviet struggle over political differences carried out by means short of military action
• Cold War Uses


  propaganda

  spies

  diplomacy
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)


  created in West Europe

  protect each other
• Warsaw Pact


  Soviets created this

  for its allies separated by the Berlin Wall

  China remained neutral
• Eisenhower


  elected US president

  used brinkmanship

  kept military ready at all times

  
• Brinkmanship


  Eisenhower (Secretary of State Dulles)

  willingness to go to the brink of the war

  aggressive

  crisis after crisis
• ICBMs


  Soviets created this

  long range missiles

  launched Sputnik satellite
• U-2 Planes


  US created this

  to fly over Soviet territory

  one of these were shot down and caused tension
• Mao Zedong


  Communist leader in North West China

  won (nationalists joined him)

  signed nonaggression pact with Soviets

  used Marxism to reform

  
• Jiang Jieshi


  Nationalist leader in South West

  got support from USA to fight Japan (decided to save it instead to fight against Mao who was a communists)
• Republic of China


  USA helped set up government on Taiwan

  tried to stop Soviet expansion in Asia
• People's Republic of China

  expanded under Mao (took part sof Tibet, India, and Mongolia)

  on mainland, much larger than Taiwan

  communists (Soviets supported them and promised to help them if attacked, they would do the same)

  
• Great Leap Forward


  program to overhaul (maintain) farm/industry which failed

  communes

  
• Communes


  thousands of peasants living/working together on farms

  workers had no property or motivation

  
• Red Guard


  created by Mao

  for students to return to ideas of revolution

  cultural revolution
• Cultural Revolution


  uprising to create a society of peasants with equality

  hard work praised over intellectual/artistic creativity

  Red Guard shut down schools and executed/imprisoned thousands

  Mao ordered to stop this to restore order
• 38th Parallel


  divided Korea into Communist NORTH (Soviet supported) and non-communist SOUTH (West supported)

  North Koreans attacked South and Truman wanted to contain

  
• MacArthur


  led the United Nations to help South Korea (when North Korea attacked them)

  United Nations pushed North into North Korea and China helped communist forces

  was removed because he wanted to promote a nuclear war

  
• Ceasefire Agreement


  aftermath of Korean War

  border was set back near 38th Parallel
• Kim IL Sung


  North

  communist dictator

  made collective farms and industry after Korean War

  
• Kim Jong IL


  North

  son of Kim il Sung

  developed nuclear power after Korean War

  
• South Korea Aftermath


  focused on democratic reform and foreign trade

  US still has troops in South Korea
• North Korean Aftermath


  kim il sung action

  kim jong il action
• Ho Chi Minh


  led the Communist Part revolts to gain independence from France

  was exiled

  returned and formed Vietminh League with the Nationalists

  
• Vietminh League with the Nationalists

  Ho Chi Minh led this after he returned from being exiled

  hit and run tactics
• Domino Theory


  Eisenhower supported France (who surrendered)

  one South East Asian country falling to communism would lead to more
• Ngo Dinh Diem


  ran France

  ruled as a dictator and vietcong resisted

  assassinated by South Vietnam generals (new leaders were unpopular)

  
• Vietcong


  South Vietname

  guerilla group who resisted Ngo Dinh Diem rule in France

  attempted to take over and were backed by North Vietnam

  
• Lyndon Johnson


  sent over 1/2 million US troops to Vietnam