Arrangement of elements in the periodic table

• To distinguish between the many elements in the

  periodic table, names and symbols are used.
• IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• IUPAC, is a global

  organization and a governing body tasked with making sure

  element names are proper.
• IUPAC is based in Zurich,

  Switzerland.
• Some symbols have Latin or historical roots, while others are

  directly related to the element's name.
• Fe stands for Ferrum in Latin
• The periodic table of elements is

  divided into columns and rows.
• Elements

  that have similar properties are aligned in

  columns, called groups or families,
• rows are called periods.
• The periodic table contains

  seven (7) periods and 18 columns or

  groups.
• The elements in each column have similar chemical properties due to their similarities in the

  number of electrons in their outer shells or in their highest principal energy level.
• Elements situated in

  the same column possess identical valence electron counts.
• Family A for the representative elements,
• Family B for the transition

  metals.
• the lesser the valence electrons, the more reactive an element is.
• Transition elements are found in between Group IIA and Group IIIA
• Transistion elements are characterized

  as being hard (with Mercury as an exception), malleable, ductile, and good conductors of electricity.
• Period 1 has two elements (hydrogen and helium) corresponding to the number of electrons in

  the s-sublevel.
• hydrogen and helium elements have only one energy level,
• Period 2 has eight elements (lithium to neon) corresponding to the eight electrons in the s- and

  p-sublevels.
• Elements in Period 2 have two energy levels.
• Period 3 also has eight elements (sodium to argon) and has three energy levels.
• Period 4 has 18 elements (from potassium to krypton) that have four energy levels.
• Period 5 (rubidium to xenon) has eighteen elements corresponding to the eighteen electrons in

  the s-, p-, and d-sublevels.
• Elements under period 5 have five energy levels.
• has 32 elements (cesium to radon) corresponding to the 32 electrons in the s-, p-, d-,

  and f-sublevels, and six energy levels.
• Period 7 also includes 14 elements (from atomic number 90 through 103) which were placed at

  the bottom part of the table to form the actinide series.
• seven energy levels.
• The s-block is composed of hydrogen, helium, the alkali metals (Group IA), and the alkaline

  earth metals (IIA).
• A p-sublevel can hold at most six electrons; hence, the p-block is

  six groups wide.
• The d-block is located in the middle of the periodic table and is 10 columns wide.
• The f-block elements are located at the lower part or bottom of the periodic table for

  convenience.
• metals. Metals are usually found on the left

  side and at the center of the periodic table.
• Nonmetals lie on the far right side of that zigzag line, and there are approximately 22 known

  nonmetals, of which 11 are gases.
• Metalloids are found along the zigzag line

  between the metals and nonmetals.
• nonmetallic elements are poor conductors of both heat and electricity.
• Metallic elements have the ability to conduct both

  heat and electricity.
• metalloids can

  manifest characteristics that are intermediate between metallic and nonmetallic elements.
• Metals Lustrous (shiny), malleable, hard, ductile Good

  conductors of heat and electricity.
• Nonmetals Dull in appearance, brittle Poor conductors of heat and

  electricity.