Atomic Structure and the periodic table

    Cards (75)

    • Elements
      A single type of atom
    • Atoms
      The smallest part of an element
    • Compound
      Two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
    • Structure of an atom
      • Electrons on the shells around the outside
      • Protons in the middle
      • Neutrons in the middle
      • The nucleus
    • Protons
      In the nucleus, have a mass of 1 and a charge of plus 1
    • Neutrons
      In the nucleus, have a mass of 1 and a charge of 0
    • Electrons
      On the outer shells, have a mass of 1/1000 and a charge of minus 1
    • Atomic number

      The number of protons and electrons in an atom
    • Mass number

      The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
    • The atomic number tells us the number of protons and electrons in an atom
    • The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
    • Balancing a chemical equation
      1. Take a set of words
      2. Turn it into a balanced symbol equation
    • Chemical formulas to learn
      • Water (H2O)
      • Hydrogen gas (H2)
      • Oxygen gas (O2)
      • Carbon dioxide (CO2)
      • Nitrogen gas (N2)
      • Ammonia (NH3)
      • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
      • Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
    • Pure substance

      An element
    • Compound
      Two or more different elements chemically bonded together
    • Mixture
      Lots of different things, some chemically bonded, some not
    • Separation techniques
      • Distillation
      • Evaporation
      • Filtration
      • Fractional distillation
    • The plum pudding model was the original model of the atom
    • Rutherford's experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus
    • Bohr developed the current nuclear model of the atom
    • Rutherford discovered the nucleus and protons, Chadwick discovered neutrons
    • Groups
      Go down the periodic table, tell us the number of electrons on the outer shell
    • Periods
      Go across the periodic table, relate to the number of shells
    • Determining electronic configuration
      1. Count the number of electrons
      2. Assign them to the shells based on the period
    • Atomic number

      The number of protons in the nucleus
    • This topic is absolutely essential for chemistry first part of a QA atomic structure and the periodic table
    • The periodic table is a list of all the elements which are known to exist
    • Charge of an atom
      Positive charge from protons, negative charge from electrons, usually cancel out to 0
    • Elements
      A single type of atom
    • Atoms
      Very very small things
    • Ions
      Atoms that have lost or gained electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge
    • The name 'atom' comes from the Greek word for 'uncuttable'
    • The periodic table tells us loads of information about the elements
    • Groups on the periodic table
      • Group 1 (alkali metals)
      • Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)
      • Group 6 (chalcogens)
      • Group 7 (halogens)
      • Group 8/0 (noble gases)
      • Transition metals
    • There were still lots yet to be discovered
    • Compound
      Two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
    • Mendeleev's periodic table had gaps that allowed him to predict undiscovered elements
    • Structure of an atom
      • Electrons on the shells around the outside
      • Protons in the middle
      • Neutrons in the middle
    • Halogens
      • Exist as diatomic molecules
      • Highly reactive, want to gain 1 electron
      • Reactivity decreases down the group
    • Nucleus
      The part in the middle of an atom