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Chemistry
Atomic Structure and the periodic table
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Cards (75)
Elements
A
single
type of atom
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Atoms
The smallest part of an element
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Compound
Two or more elements that are
chemically
bonded together
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Structure of an atom
Electrons
on the shells around the outside
Protons
in the middle
Neutrons
in the middle
The
nucleus
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Protons
In the
nucleus
, have a mass of
1
and a charge of plus 1
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Neutrons
In the
nucleus
, have a
mass
of 1 and a charge of 0
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Electrons
On the outer shells, have a mass of
1/1000
and a charge of
minus 1
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Atomic
number
The number of
protons
and
electrons
in an atom
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Mass
number
The number of
protons
plus the number of
neutrons
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The atomic number tells us the number of
protons
and
electrons
in an atom
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The mass number is the number of
protons
plus the number of
neutrons
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Balancing a chemical equation
1. Take a set of
words
2. Turn it into a
balanced
symbol equation
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Chemical formulas to learn
Water
(
H2O
)
Hydrogen
gas (
H2
)
Oxygen
gas (
O2
)
Carbon dioxide
(
CO2
)
Nitrogen
gas (
N2
)
Ammonia
(
NH3
)
Hydrochloric
acid (
HCl
)
Sulfuric
acid (
H2SO4
)
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Pure
substance
An
element
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Compound
Two or more different elements
chemically
bonded together
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Mixture
Lots of different things, some
chemically
bonded, some not
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Separation techniques
Distillation
Evaporation
Filtration
Fractional
distillation
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The
plum pudding
model was the
original
model of the atom
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Rutherford's
experiment led to the discovery of the
nucleus
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Bohr developed the current
nuclear
model of the atom
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Rutherford discovered the
nucleus
and protons, Chadwick discovered
neutrons
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Groups
Go down the periodic table, tell us the number of
electrons
on the
outer
shell
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Periods
Go across the periodic table, relate to the
number
of
shells
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Determining electronic configuration
1. Count the number of
electrons
2. Assign them to the shells based on the
period
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Atomic
number
The number of
protons
in the
nucleus
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This topic is absolutely essential for chemistry first part of a
QA atomic structure
and the
periodic table
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The
periodic table
is a list of all the elements which are known to exist
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Charge of an atom
Positive
charge from protons, negative charge from electrons, usually cancel out to
0
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Elements
A
single
type of atom
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Atoms
Very very
small
things
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Ions
Atoms that have lost or gained electrons, resulting in a
positive
or
negative
charge
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The name 'atom' comes from the Greek word for
'uncuttable'
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The
periodic table
tells us loads of information about the
elements
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Groups on the periodic table
Group 1 (
alkali
metals)
Group 2 (
alkaline earth
metals)
Group 6 (
chalcogens
)
Group 7 (
halogens
)
Group 8/0 (
noble gases
)
Transition
metals
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There were still lots yet to be
discovered
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Compound
Two or more elements that are
chemically
bonded together
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Mendeleev's
periodic table had
gaps
that allowed him to predict undiscovered elements
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Structure of an atom
Electrons
on the shells around the outside
Protons
in the middle
Neutrons
in the middle
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Halogens
Exist as
diatomic
molecules
Highly
reactive
, want to gain
1
electron
Reactivity
decreases
down the group
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Nucleus
The part in the
middle
of an atom
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