English

• The student in the illustration is considering five different options
• When we read, we keep only the important things
• Making sense of the text and getting toward understanding requires determining important concepts and information in it
• An author can provide a lot of information, but as a reader, you must decide on which knowledge is the most important for learning
• This could be a challenge in listening, where possible distractions may occur, such as when the speaker speaks softly or quickly
• To eliminate these distractions, you must first learn how to connect to the speaker
• Inferences


  Guesses or conclusions you make by combining two things: details/information from the text and your prior knowledge/personal experience
• USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS IN ACADEMIC WRITING
• Words/phrases that describe academic writing

  • Biased language
  • Conversational
  • Creative
  • Formal
  • Impersonal
  • Informal
  • Objective
  • Organized
  • Personal
  • Unbiased language
• Outline graphic organizer


  • A visual tool used to organize information hierarchically or sequentially
  • It typically consists of main idea and subdetails arranged in a structured format to represent the main ideas and supporting details of a topic or text
  • This type of graphic organizer helps learners to outline their thoughts, plan their writing, or summarize information in a clear and organized manner
• Outline is an example of a graphic organizer
• Subtopics under main ideas are typically denoted by lowercase letters
• In an outline, main ideas are represented by Roman numerals
• Every letter in each main topic and details should be CAPITALIZED
• The purpose of an outline is to organize information in a hierarchical structure to aid in understanding and planning
• Lesson objectives: analyze and apply features of academic writing; create an outline graphic organizer about their chosen topic; and appreciate the importance of formal and objective language as well as the use of graphic organizer in academic writing
• Types of text


  • Linear
  • Non-linear
• Academic writing


  • Formal style
  • Objective style
• Formal


  Tone should not sound casual or conversational
• Making writing more formal

  1. Use formal words

  2. Avoid contractions

  3. Avoid idioms and slang
• Objective


  Writing is based on facts and evidence, not affected by personal emotions
• Maintaining an objective tone

  1. Avoid personal pronouns

  2. Avoid emotional language

  3. Avoid biased statements
• Organization of academic writing

  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Graphic organizer


  Visual format to express ideas clearly, convincingly, and professionally
• Academic writing uses formal and objective language, and graphic organizers help express ideas clearly and professionally
• Conflict


  A struggle or problem faced by the main character
• Types of Conflict


  • External Conflict (person vs. person, person vs. nature, person vs. society, person vs. technology, person vs. supernatural)
  • Internal Conflict (character vs. self, involving moral and values)
• Theme


  The truth about the human being's life as presented in the story, often revealed by the conflict
• CAST method


  • Context (location and time where the speech is held)
  • Audience (people who listen to the speech)
  • Speaker (person giving the message)
  • Tone or moral attitude/Feelings expressed by the speaker
  • Summary (main points of the speech)
• Inferences


  Guesses made by combining details/information from the text and your prior knowledge or personal experience, to arrive at the summary of the speaker's message
• Strategies for effective conversation

  • Asking open-ended questions
  • Clarifying for comprehension
  • Trying conversation starters
  • Interrupting politely
  • Voicing opinions
  • Expressing with gestures
• Nonverbal cues


  Another form of communication, where people make facial expressions, eye contact, hand and body gestures