Henry VII's Government

• what were the main three functions of Henry VII's Council

  1.Advise the King 2. Administer the realm on the King's behalf 3.Make legal judgement
• When was the Council Learned in Law established?


  1495
• What was the Privy Chamber?

  Closest access to the King, so they could have a substantial influence on him
• What was the Privy Council?


  A group of advisors chosen by the King that also acted as a Court for Grievances
• What was the purpose of the Council Learned in Law?

  Managed the King's feudal rights (prerogative rights) and maintain the King's revenue
• Who were the main leaders in the Council Learned in Law?


  Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley
• Why did Henry VII change the Chamber to the Privy Chamber?

  1495 His Lord Chamberlain, William Stanley had been involved with Perkin Warbeck
• What was the Groom of the Stool?


  Person in charge of the Privy Chamber- Toilet hand
• What was the role of Parliament?

  When called on by the King to provide extra funding and pass laws
• What was a subsidiary role of Parliament?


  Pass on local issues and grievances to the King by MPs
• How many times was Parliament called on?

  7
• What does the little use of Parliament mean?

  It proves it was dispensable
• What were the Justices of the Peace?


  Local level of maintaining law and order in the countryside
• Who usually filled the role of JPs?

  Majority of them were Gentry
• How were the JPs given more power?

  Parliament enabled them to: assess taxes, alehouse regulation, investigation of complaints against local officials and maintain law and order. More powerful than county Sheriff
• Limits of Justices of the Peace


  Less effective regional control, North still support Yorkist claimants. Which is why he released Earl of Surrey from the Tower to control the North
• How did Henry VII rule?

  With a personal monarch
• What were Bonds and Recognises?

  Debts owed to the Crown, which Henry forced up on the nobles
• What were three problems on accession

  -No. of very rich nobles

  -King's uneven control in England

  -Wars at home and broad, decreased finances
• When was the Star Chamber established?


  1487
• What was the role of the Star Chamber?

  Prosecuting anyone who behaved in a rebellious or lawless way.
• Who made up the Star Chamber?

  Royal Council Members, most favoured advisors
• What did the Star Chamber become?

  A Court of Appeal
• In 1485 who had financial control?

  The Treasury and Exchequer but it was inefficient
• When did Henry begin his personal monarchy?

  From 1487, making the Chamber and Privy Chamber important institutions of financial administration
• What did the Surveyor of the King's ward do?


  Investigated any money owed to him
• Why did Henry give the Treasury and Exchequer financial control?


  He was inexperienced
• What evidence depicts the Treasury and Exchequer's inefficiency?

  Henry's income dropped to £12,000 per year
• What was the annual income from Crown Lands towards the end of his reign?


  £42,000
• What was feudal aid?


  Nobles had to pay tax when marrying their daughters off
• What was Relief?


  Nobles had to pay tax on inherited land in order to take it over
• What was Tonnage and Poundage?


  Customs duties
• How much did Henry receive from Extraordinary Revenues?


  £400,000
• What were Ordinary Revenues?


  Money that came regularly to the Crown
• What was Extraordinary Revenue?

  Money that came to the crown from time to time
• What were Acts of Attainder?

  Declared individuals guilty without trial if they were alive, if they were dead all of their estate would be forfeited to the crown.
• What was the purpose of Henry's pound coin?


  It was a form of mass media that proved his right to be on the English throne and illustrated to foreign powers that he had the funds to gather an army
• What was the risk of constantly taxing the nobles?

  Alienating them
• How did Henry avoid the risk that came with taxing the nobles?


  He offered tax exemptions
• What was Henry found guilty of?

  Exploiting bonds and recognisances in 1502