Acids and Bases

• Acids are substances that containg hydrogen ion [H+] and dissociates in water to yield hydroniym ion or hydrogen ion.
• Bases are substances that contain the hydroxyl group [OH-] and dissociates in water to yield [OH -] ion
• Salts are ionic compounds that results from the reaction of an acid and base
• HCl

  -gastric juice in the stomach used as enzyme for digesting food

  -also known as muriatic acid for toilet bowl cleaner

  -removes rust ant paint from metals and concrete
• H2SO4

  -the acid found in automobile batteries

  -dehydrating agent (one that has the ability to remove rust)
• CH3COOH/HOAc

  -acetic acid

  -the acid in vinegar

  -as seasoning and preserving food
• C6H8O7

  -citric acid

  -the acid in citrus fruits

  -in flavoring carbonated drinks
• H2CO3

  -carbonic acid

  -acid found in carbonated drinks
• NaOH

  -known as lye

  -soap manufacture and paper production

  -as drain cleaner
• KOH

  -to dissolve grease

  -and hair in clogged drains
• Mg(OH)2

  -known as milk of magnesia

  -used as antacid (small amounts)

  -Laxative (large amount)
• Al(OH)3

  -used as antacid with no dosage restriction
• NH4OH

  -ammonia dissolved in water

  -2% ammonia used to survive patients who have fainted

  -production of fertilizers
• Properties of Acids

  1 Sour taste

  2 Irritating, burning sensation or hot

  3 Turns blue litmus paper into red

  4 Neautralizes the base

  5 Reacts with active metals to produce hydrogen

  6 Colorless with phenolpthalein indicator

  7 Pink with methyl orange

  8 It has a pH of less than 7
• Properties of Base:

  1 Bitter Taste

  2 Slippery or soapy feeling

  3 Turns red litmus paper to blue

  4 Neutralizes the acids

  5 Reacts with acids to form salt and water

  6 Pink with phenolphthalein indicator

  7 Yellow with methyl orange indicator

  8 It has a pH of more than 7