ucsp 10

• a political ideology - a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work
• SOCIAL DESIRABILITY - The tendency of some respondents to report an answer in a way they deem to be more socially acceptable than would be their "true" answer.
• SOCIAL DESIRABILITY - They do this to project a favorable image of themselves and to avoid receiving negative evaluations.
• SOCIAL DESIRABILITY - The outcome of the strategy is overreporting of socially desirable behaviors or attitudes and underreporting of socially undesirable behaviors or attitudes.
• Power - defined as the capacity to influence or control the behavior of individuals and institutions, whether by persuasion or coercion
• Prestige - defined as esteem, respect, or approval for culturally valued acts or qualities
• Wealth - encompasses the properties owned by an individual as well as his/her material assets and investment capital like money
• SOCIAL MOBILITY - The individual's ability to move from one place to another along the stratified positions of society.
• Open Society - where people's social position or status are determined by economic wealth and income.
• Closed Society - when changes or shifts in social positions or social mobility are limited; and in some societies even prohibited.
• German political philosopher Karl Marx (1818–1883) predicted that the bourgeoisie would protect its economic interests by repressive laws.
• German philosopher and sociologist Georg Simmel (1858–1918) proposed that society exists only as social representations, or collective ideas, which provide the basis for social relations as societies’ external form
• Based on the perspective of American philosopher and social psychologist George Herbert Mead (1863–1931), the “socio-physiology” of individuals underpins self-awareness, interactions, and behavior.
• For French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926–1984), organizations and institutions (e.g., schools, asylums, medicine) are invested within individual bodies through discipline and punishment of their bodily activities.