properties of wwt

• completeness 


  refers to the idea that a well-written text should contain all necessary information to convey its intended message. It should answer the who, what, when, where, why, and how questions relevant to the topic.
• unity


  all parts of the text should contribute to a single main idea or theme. Every sentence, paragraph, and section should support the central message without introducing unrelated or contradictory information.
• A well-written text should flow logically from one idea to the next, guiding the reader smoothly through the content. Transition words, phrases, and logical sequencing help achieve this orderly movement.
• chronological order


  Ideas are presented in the sequence in which they occur over time. This is commonly used in narratives, historical accounts, and procedural writing. For example, a biography typically follows the chronological order of the subject's life events.
• spatial order


  Ideas are organized based on their physical location or spatial arrangement. This approach is effective when describing scenes, settings, or physical attributes. For instance, in a travelogue, the writer might describe landmarks or attractions in the order they are encountered on a journey.
• logical order


  Ideas are structured based on a logical progression of thought, often moving from general to specific or vice versa. This type of organization is common in expository writing, essays, and argumentative pieces. Each idea builds upon the previous one, leading to a coherent argument or explanation
• cause and effect order 


  Ideas are presented in a manner that highlights the relationship between events or actions and their consequences. This approach is useful for explaining causal relationships, analyzing outcomes, or discussing the results of certain actions. For instance, in a scientific report, the writer might describe the cause-and-effect relationship between an experiment's variables and the observed results.
• order of importance 


  Ideas are arranged based on their significance or relevance to the overall message. This technique helps prioritize information, ensuring that the most important points receive the greatest emphasis. It is commonly used in persuasive writing, speeches, and presentations to capture the audience's attention and convey the writer's main arguments effectively.
• coherence


  refers to the clarity and logical connections between ideas in a text. It involves using appropriate transitions, organizing information logically, and maintaining a consistent tone and style throughout the writing.
• transition word


  is a word or phrase that connects ideas, sentences, or paragraphs, helping to create coherence and smooth flow in writing. Transition words serve as bridges between different parts of a text, signaling shifts in thought, emphasizing relationships between ideas, or indicating the progression of events.
• addition in transition words:

  • additionally
  • furthermore
  • moreover
  • in addition
  • also
  • besides
  • furthermore
• contrast in transitional words:

  • however
  • on the other hand
  • nevertheless
  • conversely
  • although
  • despite
  • nonetheless
• cause and effect in transitional words

  • consequently
  • therefore
  • thus
  • as a result
  • hence
  • accordingly
  • for this reason
• time in transitional words:

  • meanwhile
  • subsequently
  • eventually
  • afterward
  • next
  • finally
• example/illustration in transitional foods

  • for example
  • for instance
  • such as
  • in particular
  • specifically
  • to illustrate
  • namely
• comparison in transitional words:

  • similarly
  • likewise
  • in comparison
  • just as
  • like
  • as though
  • in the same way
• conclusion in transitional words:

  • in conclusion
  • to sum up
  • therefore
  • thus
  • consequently
  • in summary
  • overall
• cohesion


  the glue that holds a text together, achieved through the use of cohesive devices such as pronouns, conjunctions, and repetition. These elements help create smooth transitions between sentences and paragraphs.
• cohesive devices


  tools or techniques that writers use to connect different parts of their text and create coherence. These devices help readers navigate through the text smoothly and understand the relationships between ideas.
• pronouns


  "he, " "she, " "it, " "they, " and "them" replace nouns to avoid repetition and maintain clarity. They also help to establish continuity within a text by referring back to previously mentioned entities.
• conjunctions


  are words that connect clauses, sentences, or phrases. Examples include "and, " "but, " "or, " "because, " "so, " "however, " "although, " and "while. " They show the relationship between ideas, such as addition, contrast, cause and effect, and concession
• Transition words and phrases signal shifts in thought, indicate the progression of ideas, or provide logical connections between sentences and paragraphs. Examples include "therefore, " "however, " "furthermore, " "on the other hand, " "in addition, " "nevertheless, " "meanwhile, " and "consequently.
• reference words


  refer back to previously mentioned nouns or introduce additional information about them. They help to maintain coherence by clarifying the relationships between different elements in the text. such as demonstratives ("this, " "that, " "these, " "those") and relative pronouns ("who, " "whom, " "whose, " "which, " "that")
• repetition


  Repeating words, phrases, or ideas throughout a text reinforces key points, emphasizes important concepts, and creates a sense of unity. However, excessive repetition should be avoided to prevent monotony and boredom.
• parallelism


  involves using similar grammatical structures or patterns in successive phrases or sentences. It creates rhythm and balance in writing, making the text easier to follow and understand.
• logical order


  Organizing ideas in a logical sequence, such as chronological order, spatial order, or order of importance, helps readers comprehend the flow of information and the progression of thought.
• synonyms and antonyms 


  Using synonyms (words with similar meanings) or antonyms (words with opposite meanings) adds variety to the text and reinforces key concepts without repeating the same words.
• To conclude, mastering the properties of a well-written text— completeness, unity, orderly movement of ideas, coherence, and cohesion —is essential for effective communication. By understanding and applying these principles, writers can create engaging, clear, and impactful content that resonates with their audience.