bio

• Eukaryotic cells


  Cells in which the genetic material is enclosed in a membrane bound structure called a nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells


  • protist
  • plant
  • animal
  • fungi
• Prokaryotic cells

  Cells in which the genetic material is found in an irregular structure called the nucleoid
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Bacteria
• Structure of Prokaryotic cell

  • Capsule is the outermost layer
  • Capsule is made up of polysaccharide
  • Capsule serves as a food reserve and prevents the cell from drying
  • Capsule only found in gram +ve bacteria
• Cell wall in the prokaryotic cell

  • Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan
  • Cell wall provides support and rigidity
• Cell membrane


  Same function as in eukaryotic cells
• Mesosome


  • Structure found in the inner lining of the plasma membrane
  • Site of cellular respiration and DNA transferring
  • Serves the function of mitochondria and golgi bodies
• Ribosome


  • Small particle made up of proteins and RNA
  • Site of DNA transmission and protein synthesis
• Plasmid


  • Extra chromosomal matter
  • Used for DNA exchange
  • Provides resistance from antibiotics
  • Used in genetic engineering
• Nucleoid


  • Structure that contains most of the genetic material
  • Brain of the cell
• Pilus/fimbria


  • Short, hollow protein appendages
  • Pilus helps in reproduction during conjugation
  • Fimbria helps the bacteria to attach to surfaces
• Flagellum


  • Long whip-like appendage
  • Helps in movement, usually in water
• Granule


  Stored nutrients