stages of digestion

• Ingestion - process in which food is taken into the mouth and broken down by chewing and grinding of the teeth, being lubricated by saliva and changing the chemical components of the food.
• digestion - food has been pre-digested mechanically in the oral cavity will further be broken down into a more usable form of tissues of the body can absorb and assimilate.
• Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion - two types of digestion process
• mechanical digestion - starts at the mouth, process of physically breaking the food into smaller pieces. begins with mastication and proceeds to churning in the stomach and segmentation in the small intestine.
• peristalsis - part of mechanical digestion, where food is pushed through the digestive tract by muscular contractions
• chemical digestion - process that makes use of digestive enzymes from the saliva as well as the secretions of acids and other enzymes that help break down the complex food molecules into simpler substances that the body can absorb.
• Hydrolysis - digestive enzymes break down these complex food molecules through this process.
• hydrolysis - chemical reaction that uses water to break down a compound.
• Absorption - process of taking up fluids or other substances by the body tissues. This starts in the stomach with simple molecules such as water and alcohol that are absorbed directly in the bloodstream.
• Assimilation - process by which the components or chemicals from food are taken into the cells of the body after they have been digested and absorbed.
• Macronutrients - needed to be eaten regularly and in huge amounts of as they supply the body with energy.
• carbohydrates - serve as important sources of energy that fuel the bod, they are important for the body's growth and metabolism.
• Metabolism - process involved in the utilization of energy and all the building blocks needed to maintain the body's functions.
• Monosaccharide - composed of a single simple sugar unit such as glucose, galactose, and fructose.
• disaccharide - composed of double sugar or two monosaccharides that fused together such as sucrose, maltose, lactose which are naturally occurring disaccharides.
• Polysaccharides - complex carbohydrates that contain more than 10 monosaccharides bonded together.
• Soluble fibers - dissolve in water and form gel-like substance.
• resistant starch - developed in some foods such as potato, corn, and rice.
• Insoluble fibers - do not dissolve in water, found in foods such as wholemeal bread, wheat bran, vegiess and nuts.
• Elimination - final stage of the digestive process, removal of metabolic waste products from the body in the form of stool or feces.