uscp 11

• There are three main theories of social change: evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict.
• Evolutionary theory - According to this theory, society always evolves into “higher levels.” Like organisms evolve from simple to more complex, so do societies.
• Functionalist Theory - teaches that society is like a human body. Each part is like an organ. Individual parts can’t survive on their own.
• Emile Durkheim, believed that all parts of a society must be harmonious. If they aren’t unified, society is “no more than a pile of sand” that’s vulnerable to collapse.
• Conflict theory - society is by nature unequal and competitive.
• Karl Marx didn’t think each phase resulted in something better than before. More often than not, the rich and powerful control the rest of society by exploiting vulnerable groups.
• CONFLICT CHANGE - conflict provokes social change. To address their situation, groups come together to fight for change. Governments can be overthrown or restructured.
• DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE - A bigger population affects the dispersal and availability of resources. An increase in immigration or emigration also affects society.
• CULTURAL CHANGE - New ideas about gender, race, religion, work, education, and so on also change a culture.
• Fabian change - gradual and reformist incremental amelioration
• radical change - improvements root and branch in the style of political radicalissm
• revolutionary change - abrupt, radical and drastic change, with implications of violence and of starting afresh
• transformational change - a New-age version of radical change, and thus difficult to define
• continuous change, open-ended change - change (allegedly) for the sake of change
• top-down change - reliance on leadership
• bottom-up change - reliance on the huddled masses
• peace and order - designed to effect a more equitable distribution of agricultural land especially by governmental action
• land reform - a purposive change in the way in which agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of cultivation that are employed, or the relation of agriculture to the rest of the economy.
• economic reforms - usually refers to deregulation, or at times to reduction in the size of government, to remove distortions caused by regulations or the presence of government
• social services - a range of public services provided by the government, private, profit and non-profit organizations.
• Socio-cultural Change - These are changes that involve social and cultural factors.
• Industrialization - It is the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale
• Urbanization - The process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.
• Recreation - Refreshment of strength and spirits after work also : a means of refreshment or diversion : hobby.
• Bureaucracy - A typically refers to an organization that is complex with multilayered systems and processes.