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• Phonetics - human speech sound
• Phonology - Principles governing sound system, Rhyming sound
• Morphology - Studies language structure from its morphic roots
• Syntax - studies sentence structure as grammar
• Semantics - studies the logic and meanings of words and phrases.
• Pragmatics - the use of language and its effects on society.
• PANINI of INDIA - Sanskrit sounds into consonants and vowels, nouns, and verbs.
• Sibawayh - Documented the Arabic language by distinguishing all differences in sounds and phonemes.
• Plato - He explored the meaning of words by looking into their history.
• Ferdinand de Saussure - Father of Structural and Modern Linguistics
• Ferdinand de Saussure - Structural linguistics
• Structural linguistics - studies the language as a system of contrasts and equivalents
• SAPIR and WHORF - They pioneered linguistic determinism
• NOAM CHOMSKY - He espoused well-formed sentences as one of the central ideas of generative grammar
• one of the central ideas of generative grammar - a linguistic theory which states that human beings are capable of forming and distinguishing well-formed sentences.
• UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR - theory that all languages have an underlying universal structure within them that lends them to being cognitively grasped.
• 1. Computational Linguistics - The study of how language can be computationally modeled, Google translate
• Lexicography - The practice of collecting words and their meaning in systematic manner resembling the structure of a dictionary, Pronounciation
• Confucius - Superior man( Humanness, righteousness, proper rite, knowledge, and integrity)
• Hinduism and Buddhism - Focuses on self-awareness as a method of enlightenment.
• HIPPOCRATES - Hippocratic Oath (doctor/medicine)
• HIPPOCRATES - Father of Medicine
• HIPPOCRATES - Theory of humors (Explaining behavior or personality)
• HIPPOCRATES - made the Four foundation of personality
• Sanguine - cheerful and active
• Melancholic - sad
• Choleric - angry and aggressive
• Phlegmatic - calm and passive
• IMAM-RAZI - Sentimental attachment to material objects could be a cause of mental illness when the object is lost or the person is separated from it.
• IMAM-GHAZALI - Self is the essence of man and that self is the core from which personality arises.
• Rene Descartes - Theorized the dualism of the mind and body.
• Rene Descartes - I think therefore I am.
• WILLIAM JAMES - Father of American Psychology
• WILLIAM JAMES - Theory of self – Me and I
• MAX WERTHEIMER - Father of Gestalt Psychology
• SIGMUND FREUD - Father of Psychoanalysis
• Free association - Technique that allows the patient to express him or herself through words free inhibitions, logic or even coherence
• Transference - The ability of both the patient and the therapist to influence each other
• Oedipus - son's sexual attitude towards his mother
• Electra complex - girl's sexual attraction to her father