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• Statistics

  A branch of mathematics that examines and investigates ways to process and analyze the data gathered. It provides procedures in data collection, presentation, organization, and interpretation to have meaningful idea that is useful to business decision-makers.
• Sampling

  The process of getting a representative part of the population being studied. A representative part of the samples is determined in a manner that the characteristics, properties and variations are reflected. In research, it refers to the method or process of selecting respondents.
• Population

  Refers to a larger group about which generalization is made.
• Sample


  A small group taken from the population.
• Names of samples in a study


  • Respondents (quantitative research - people who respond to the instruments)
  • Informants (qualitative research - information)
  • Participants (mixed methods - quantitative and qualitative research)
• Sampling Techniques


  • Non-probability Sampling (Non-random Sampling)
  • Probability Sampling (Random Sampling)
• Convenience Sampling


  A process of selecting a group of individuals who (conveniently) is available for study.

  Also known as Accidental Sampling.
• Purposive Sampling


  A process of selecting based on judgement to select a sample which the researcher believed, based on prior information, will provide the data that they need.
• Quota Sampling


  Applied when an investigator survey collects information from assigned number, or quota of individuals from one several sample units fulfilling certain prescribed criteria or belonging to one stratum.
• Snowball Sampling


  A technique in which one or more members of a population are located and used to lead the researchers to other members of the population.
• Voluntary Sampling


  A technique when samples are composed of respondents who are self select into the study/survey.
• Simple Probability Sampling

  A method in which researchers select respondents at random from a population. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen.
• Systematic Sampling


  Is a process of selecting a k^th element in the population until the desired number of subjects or respondents is attained.
• Stratified Sampling


  A process of subdividing the population into subgroups or strata and drawing members at random from each subgroup or stratum.
• Cluster Sampling


  A process of selecting clusters from a population which is very large or widely spread out over a wide geographical area.
• Universal Sampling


  Refers to the selection of a sample where not all the people in the population have the same profitability of being included in the model, and for each of them, the probability of being selected is unknown.