Review in Meiosis and Mitosis

• Meiosis


  Occurs in two-successive cell divisions
• Mitosis


  Results in diploid identical daughter cells
• Meiosis


  Occurs in germ cells during gametogenesis
• Mitosis


  No homologous chromosome pairing occurs
• Meiosis


  Undergone by sexually reproducing organisms
• Meiosis


  Results in haploid non-identical daughter cells
• Mitosis


  Occurs continuously in the body or somatic cells
• Mitosis


  The number of chromosomes of daughter cells are the same as the parent cell
• Meiosis


  The number of chromosomes of daughter cells are half the number of the parent cell
• Meiosis

  Homologous pairing occurs which is followed by separation of pairs to different daughter cells
• Interphase

  Phase before mitosis; growth of cell and preparation for division
• Prophase


  Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers start to form
• G1


  Growth and functioning
• Synthesis

  DNA Replicates
• G2

  Organelles replicate in preparation for division
• Metaphase

  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (m for middle)
• Anaphase


  The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart (a for away)
• Telophase

  Chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear membranes form; cleavage furrow begins
• Cytokinesis

  Splitting of the cytoplasm
• Mitosis


  Splitting of the nucleus
• Sister chromatids

  Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated
• Centromere

  Area connecting sister chromatids
• Spindle fibers

  Microtubules that extend from the centrioles and guide chromosome movement
• Nucleus

  Organelle that initiates cell division
• Somatic cell

  All human body cells; not the gametes
• Diploid

  Having two sets of chromosomes; all somatic cells
• Haploid

  Having one set of chromosomes; the gametes
• Gamete

  Sex cell; egg or sperm
• Zygote

  Fertilized egg
• Sexual reproduction

  Combining genetic info from two parents
• Asexual reproduction

  Reproduction by one parent as a result of cell division
• Cell plate

  Forms in plant cells to form new cell membrane and cell wall
• Meiosis


  Cell division producing gametes
• Variation


  Differences in members of a population
• Homologous pair


  Each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes