The centralideal of a multiple-paragraph composition. A one-sentence summary that guides, controls, and unifies ideas when writing a paper.
Topicsentence
Guides, controls, and unifies ideas in a paragraph. Develops one argument of the thesis statement.
Thesisstatement
Written in a complete sentence with a clearly stated subject
Not too narrow nor too broad, and it should contain at least two details
Avoid awkward phrasing like "I will tell you..." or "I will talk about..."
Enumerated details should have the same level of significance
Should not state an absolute fact
Topicsentence
Written in a complete sentence with a clearly stated subject
Should follow the details in the thesis statement
Should not be phrased awkwardly or state the obvious
Should contain one detail related to the thesis statement
Should vary in structure across paragraphs
Supportingdetails
Pieces of information necessary to better understand the main idea. Can be facts, reasons, testimonies, statistics, and experiments.
2 Levels of Supporting details
Major details directly support the topicsentence
Minor details directly support the majordetails
Thesis statement example
Jogging is beneficial because it positively affects physical well-being and mental fitness.
Topic sentence examples
Jogging positively affects one's physical wellness by preventing hypertension and other diseases.
Another benefit of jogging is that it maintains mental fitness.
Thesis statement example
Tagaytay City is an enthralling city of the South because of its magnificent landscape, amazing people, and delicious food.
Topic sentence examples
Tagaytay City attracts tourists with its magnificent landscape.
People go back to Tagaytay City for its delicious foods.
The warmth of the city's amazing people is also another reason why Tagaytay is alluring.
Writing Process
Preparation
Modeling
Generatingideas
Focusingonatopic
Outlining
Drafting
Feedback
Revising
Editing
Publishing
Brainstorming- Listing of many ideas as possible without censoring the Freewriting- Free flowing of ideas and writing them down in sentences Clustering - Using of visualrepresentations to show connections between ideas
Preparation establish your purpose specify your persona
inform of the character, interest, background, and preferences of your target audience think of the topic you are writing and the type of output
Modeling
is the process by which the writer looks at different works which are similar in nature with paper he/she is about to write
analyze the features such as organization, structure, and language use of the sample texts
Focusingonatopic
narrow down the general topic to a specific one think of questions related to the specific purpose answer the question with at least two details
Drafting
focus on the content and the organization not on the grammar and mechanics
build credibility by using reliable and valid sources. exercise caution and critical thinking in using the information from those sources
Feedback
important component of the writing process
a response to the written work which focuses on all aspects
focuses more on the content, structure, organization, and clarity of the message
can be classified into three: self, peer, and teacher feedback
Revising
Improving the paper
Editing
Proofreading, typography and grammar
Publishing
showcase your work by publishing it on social media and others
Academic writing - a type of writing produced by students and professionals in an academic setting. Its main purpose is to inform and persuade not entertain. The most common type of academic writing include academic essays, book
reviews, literature reviews, research reports, project proposals, position papers, and reaction papers.
academic writing is impersonal and formal. It is impersonal because it usually uses the third person perspective and does not have a direct reference to persons and feelings. It is formal because it strictly adheres to formal English and avoid word contractions (e.q. don't, shouldn't).
Citation and referencing - two essential elements of any academic writing.
Context
The situation where professional writing is performed, including the people involved, relationship between the people, time and place, and possible interferences
Message
The content of the document, including the main topic and the details that support it (facts, statistics, testimonies, observations)
Language
The channel used to convey the message, which can be visual or textual, formal or informal, verbal or non-verbal
Purpose
The reason or motive for communicating, and the reactions you want to elicit from the target audience
Audience
The receiver of the message
Product
The output that you intend to produce after considering all the other components
Types of Academic Writing
Book Review or Article Critique
LiteratureReview
Research Report
Project Proposal
Position Paper
Literature Review - provides an overview of a specific topic surveys scholarlywork such as academic books but not textbooks, dissertations/ theses, journal articles, monographs, and statistical handbook -combines both summary and synthesis
Book review or article critique - specialized form of academic writing evaluates the contribution of scholarly works such as academic books and journal articles. -A book review which usually ranges from 250 to 750 words, is not simply a summary. -It is a critical assessment, analysis, or evaluation of a work.
Research Report - expandedpaper that presents interpretations and analyses of phenomenon based on experiments produced through formal investigation and
scientific inquiry
Parts of research report
TITLEPAGE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
LITERATUREREVIEW
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
TITLE PAGE
Contains an informative title that describes the content of the paper, the name of the author/s, addresses or affiliations, and date of submission
ABSTRACT
Contains the summary of the research findings and conclusions
INTRODUCTION
Explains the current state of the field and identifies research gaps
LITERATURE REVIEW
Contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources directly related to the study
METHODOLOGY
Describes how the experiments or tests in the research were conducted
RESULTS
Factually describes the data gathered and the tables and graphs that summarize the collected data