2nd sem pre-finals

• Thesis statement


  The central ideal of a multiple-paragraph composition. A one-sentence summary that guides, controls, and unifies ideas when writing a paper.
• Topic sentence


  Guides, controls, and unifies ideas in a paragraph. Develops one argument of the thesis statement.
• Thesis statement


  • Written in a complete sentence with a clearly stated subject
  • Not too narrow nor too broad, and it should contain at least two details
  • Avoid awkward phrasing like "I will tell you..." or "I will talk about..."
  • Enumerated details should have the same level of significance
  • Should not state an absolute fact
• Topic sentence


  • Written in a complete sentence with a clearly stated subject
  • Should follow the details in the thesis statement
  • Should not be phrased awkwardly or state the obvious
  • Should contain one detail related to the thesis statement
  • Should vary in structure across paragraphs
• Supporting details


  Pieces of information necessary to better understand the main idea. Can be facts, reasons, testimonies, statistics, and experiments.
• 2 Levels of Supporting details

  • Major details directly support the topic sentence
  • Minor details directly support the major details
• Thesis statement example

  • Jogging is beneficial because it positively affects physical well-being and mental fitness.
• Topic sentence examples

  • Jogging positively affects one's physical wellness by preventing hypertension and other diseases.
  • Another benefit of jogging is that it maintains mental fitness.
• Thesis statement example

  • Tagaytay City is an enthralling city of the South because of its magnificent landscape, amazing people, and delicious food.
• Topic sentence examples

  • Tagaytay City attracts tourists with its magnificent landscape.
  • People go back to Tagaytay City for its delicious foods.
  • The warmth of the city's amazing people is also another reason why Tagaytay is alluring.
• Writing Process

  • Preparation
  • Modeling
  • Generating ideas
  • Focusing on a topic
  • Outlining
  • Drafting
  • Feedback
  • Revising
  • Editing
  • Publishing
• Brainstorming- Listing of many ideas as possible without censoring the Free writing- Free flowing of ideas and writing them down in sentences Clustering - Using of visual representations to show connections between ideas
• Preparation establish your purpose specify your persona

  inform of the character, interest, background, and preferences of your target audience think of the topic you are writing and the type of output
• Modeling


  is the process by which the writer looks at different works which are similar in nature with paper he/she is about to write

  analyze the features such as organization, structure, and language use of the sample texts
• Focusing on a topic 


  narrow down the general topic to a specific one think of questions related to the specific purpose answer the question with at least two details
• Drafting


  focus on the content and the organization not on the grammar and mechanics

  build credibility by using reliable and valid sources. exercise caution and critical thinking in using the information from those sources
• Feedback

  important component of the writing process

  a response to the written work which focuses on all aspects

  focuses more on the content, structure, organization, and clarity of the message

  can be classified into three: self, peer, and teacher feedback
• Revising 


  Improving the paper
• Editing


  Proofreading, typography and grammar

  
• Publishing 


  showcase your work by publishing it on social media and others
• Academic writing - a type of writing produced by students and professionals in an academic setting. Its main purpose is to inform and persuade not entertain. The most common type of academic writing include academic essays, book

  reviews, literature reviews, research reports, project proposals, position papers, and reaction papers.
• academic writing is impersonal and formal. It is impersonal because it usually uses the third person perspective and does not have a direct reference to persons and feelings. It is formal because it strictly adheres to formal English and avoid word contractions (e.q. don't, shouldn't).
• Citation and referencing - two essential elements of any academic writing.
• Context


  The situation where professional writing is performed, including the people involved, relationship between the people, time and place, and possible interferences
• Message


  The content of the document, including the main topic and the details that support it (facts, statistics, testimonies, observations)
• Language


  The channel used to convey the message, which can be visual or textual, formal or informal, verbal or non-verbal
• Purpose


  The reason or motive for communicating, and the reactions you want to elicit from the target audience
• Audience


  The receiver of the message
• Product


  The output that you intend to produce after considering all the other components
• Types of Academic Writing

  1. Book Review or Article Critique
  2. Literature Review
  3. Research Report
  4. Project Proposal
  5. Position Paper
• Literature Review - provides an overview of a specific topic surveys scholarly work such as academic books but not textbooks, dissertations/ theses, journal articles, monographs, and statistical handbook -combines both summary and synthesis

  
• Book review or article critique - specialized form of academic writing evaluates the contribution of scholarly works such as academic books and journal articles. -A book review which usually ranges from 250 to 750 words, is not simply a summary. -It is a critical assessment, analysis, or evaluation of a work.

  
• Research Report - expanded paper that presents interpretations and analyses of phenomenon based on experiments produced through formal investigation and

  scientific inquiry

  
• Parts of research report

  • TITLE PAGE
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • LITERATURE REVIEW
  • METHODOLOGY
  • RESULTS
  • DISCUSSION
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
• TITLE PAGE


  Contains an informative title that describes the content of the paper, the name of the author/s, addresses or affiliations, and date of submission
• ABSTRACT


  Contains the summary of the research findings and conclusions
• INTRODUCTION


  Explains the current state of the field and identifies research gaps
• LITERATURE REVIEW


  Contains the summary and synthesis of all available sources directly related to the study
• METHODOLOGY


  Describes how the experiments or tests in the research were conducted
• RESULTS


  Factually describes the data gathered and the tables and graphs that summarize the collected data