Unit 4

• Line


  A path made by a moving point; a series of dots; a prolongation of points; an intended mark made by the artist to convey meaning beyond its physical description
• Kinds of lines


  • Straight lines
  • Horizontal lines
  • Vertical lines
  • Diagonal lines
  • Zigzag lines
  • Curved lines
• Straight lines


  • Geometric, impersonal, differ in direction (left to right, top to bottom, slant, up and down)
  • Indicate specific types of emotion
• Horizontal lines


  • Move from left to right or vice versa, appear to be laying down
• Vertical lines


  • Start from bottom to top or vice versa, appear to be standing
• Diagonal lines


  • Positive: indicate action and movement, forward and act

  Negative: convey uncertainty, stress and defeat
• Zigzag lines


  • Angular lines with abrupt changes in direction, unpleasant and harsh, portray tension, conflict, chaos, or violence
• Curved lines


  • Suggest grace, movement, flexibility, life and energy

  Wavy lines show fluidity due to gradual change in direction
• Lines can possess a variety of characteristics, depending on shape, density, rhythm, angularity, and the material that have produced them
• No matter what type of line it is, it always has direction
• Color


  The property of light, composed of a series of wavelengths that strike the retina of the eyes
• Hue


  • The name given to the color (e.g. red, green, violet, blue)

  Primary hues: red, yellow, blue

  Secondary hues: orange, green, violet

  Intermediate hues: red orange, blue green, blue violet

  Tertiary hues: result from mixing two secondary hues

  
• Value


  • The lightness or darkness of a color

  Shade: when black is combined with hue

  Tint: when white is added to hue
• Intensity


  • The brightness or dullness of a color

  Hues become less intense (dull) when white is added

  Hues' intensity diminishes when black is added

  Adding gray varies intensity without changing value
• Color harmonies


  • Monochromatic
  • Complementary
  • Analogous
  • Color temperature (warm vs cool)

  
• Chiaroscuro


  Technique of manipulating light and shadow in painting, used by masters like Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Caravaggio
• Tenebrism


  Exaggerated use of shadows, taken further than chiaroscuro
• Shape


  Formed when two ends of a line meet to enclose an area, can be flat/2D or solid/3D
• Classification of shapes


  • Natural/organic
  • Abstract
  • Non-objective/biomorphic
  • Geometric
• Texture

  The feel or tactile quality of a surface, can be perceived visually
• Methods of creating space

  • Overlapping planes
  • Relative size
  • Position on picture plane

  Perspective (linear, aerial)

  Space in sculpture and architecture
• Movement in art


  Actual movement (kinetic art)

  Implied movement (using lines, repetition, change in position/size)
• Elements of music


  • Rhythm
  • Melody
  • Harmony
  • Timbre
• Mechanically


  Through some energy source (batteries or electricity)
• Implied movement


  Results when a variety of lines are used together, repeated, change in position, or decreased/increased in size. This gives the impression of movement in a stationary two dimensional art.
• Elements of the Combined Arts

  • Rhythm
  • Melody
  • Harmony
  • Timbre
  • Form
• Rhythm


  A movement or pattern with uniform recurrence of accented and accented beat
• Melody


  The succession of tones arranged in such a way as to give it a musical sense. It may also refer to the rising and falling of the tune in time.
• Harmony


  The sounding of a series of groups of tones in the same time. It may also refer to the pleasing sound that is produced when two or more notes are played together. Concordance results when the combination of sounds are in agreement which makes it sound good while dissonance results when the combination is not pleasant to hear.
• Timbre


  Tonal quality or the character of the tone that is produced by an instrument or by the human voice. Timbre allows the listener to distinguish the sound between a guitar and a violin for example. In the same way, people can be identified by their voices. A man's voice sounds different from a woman's voice and an old person's voice is different from that of a child.
• Form


  The structure or the framework of a composition
• Vocal Forms


  • Opera
  • Cantata
  • Moro-moro
• Instrumental Forms


  • Sonata
  • Symphony
• Dynamics


  The loudness and softness of the sound in music indicated by symbols to regulate the volume of the sound
• Dynamics symbols


  • pp pianissimo - very soft
  • p piano - soft
  • mp mezo piano - half soft
  • ff fortissimo - very loud
  • crescendo - gradually becoming louder
  • decrescendo - gradually becoming softer
• Elements of Dance


  • Music
  • Movement
  • Choreography
  • Technique
  • Theme
  • Design
  • Costume
• Music plays an important role in the dance to which it is closely related. It should be melodic and harmonious and fits into the movements of the dance. Music motivates the dancers to move in tune with its rhythm. The background music of the dance functions to captivate the interest and awe of the audience.
• Movement


  How the dancers use their bodies to move and create organized patterns. Dancers also use gestures which express specific emotions or ideas in sign language.
• Choreography


  How the steps and movements are connected for it to be performed in an organized manner. The choreography guides the dancers' movements for them to perform the movement, convey the message and tell the story through body language.
• Technique


  The skill of the dancer in executing the movements. A good dancer has complete control over the muscles of the body thus creating grace and fluidity of movements.