CWiA Unit 1

• The Atlantic Charter was written in 1941
• The Atlantic Charter


  1. Defined allied goals for the post-war world

  2. Agreed not to expand their sphere of influence

  3. Worked towards disarmament

  4. Sought economic collaboration

  5. Preservation of peace under four world 'policemen' (USSR, UK, USA, China)
• Some of the terms of the Atlantic Charter could cause superpower interference in Asia
• The Tehran Conference was held in 1943
• Tehran Conference


  • Reflected the different political cultures and diplomacy styles of the USA, USSR, and UK
  • USA wanted USSR help to defeat Japan
• The Cairo Conference was held in 1943
• Cairo Conference


  1. Decided to take 'unrelenting' pressure on Japan

  2. Established China's status as one of the superpowers

  3. Established greater US involvement in Asia
• The Yalta Conference was held in 1945
• Yalta Conference


  • Churchill wanted a free Polish government based in London
  • Roosevelt's main concern was getting Soviet support against Japan
• The Molotov-Truman talks were held in 1945
• Molotov-Truman talks


  • Truman had no experience of diplomatic relations with UK and USSR
  • Molotov acted as Soviet Foreign Minister
  • There were clear differences between Soviet and US opinions, which could cause tension in Asia
• The Potsdam Conference was held in 1945
• Potsdam Conference


  1. Truman requested military support against Japan

  2. Stalin saw opportunity to gain influence in Asia

  3. Atomic bomb added to tension

  4. Division of Korea agreed
• Model State Strategy


  The US' attempt to create an ideal and prosperous state that showed capitalism would bring freedom and happiness against communism
• In practice, the Model State Strategy served the interests of aggressive Japan, with subjects treated brutally, countries stripped bare of resources, and economies devastated, making them vulnerable to communism
• Philippines as a model state - Successes

  • Independence granted in 1946
  • Roxas was an experienced political leader
  • MacArthur had Filipino respect
  • Magsaysay became Secretary of the Department of National Defense
  • Education standards were high
  • Filipino society became Americanized
  • Magsaysay had support of peasantry
• Philippines as a model state - Failures

  • Unrest in the 1930s
  • Increase in peasant political organizations
  • Only 40% of Filipinos voted in referendum
  • Huk rebellion in 1946
  • Roxas only won 54% of the votes
  • Luzon's population doubled to 1.4 million
  • Trade Act had to be implemented
  • Most of $2 billion aid was pocketed by Roxas
  • US obtained 99-year lease on 22 military and naval bases
  • US gave $7.2 million in military aid to combat the Huks
• Japan as a model state - Successes

  • American-designed Japanese Constitution came into force in 1947
  • Women exercised the right to vote in 1946 and nearly 40 women were elected to the Japanese Parliament
  • Gender equality was more apparent
  • Japanese manufactured goods value increased by 653 million between 1947 and 1950
  • SCAP broke up the 83 zaibatsu companies
  • SCAP was a totally American organization with 3000 military and civilian personnel
  • SCAP created a 75,000-strong police reserve
• Japan as a model state - Failures

  • Emphasis on women's rights couldn't overcome centuries of discrimination
  • Between Sept 1945 and June 1948, $1 billion was sent to prevent mass starvation
  • Left-wing trade unionists were purged from unions and public services
• SCAP was a totally American organisation which 3000 military + civilian] personnel were working
• SCAP created a 75000 strong police reserve
• between Sept 1945 and June 1948, the # Us sent $1 billion to prevent mass starvation.
• US involvement in China the US sympathised with China and attempted to halt the conquests by putting economic sanctions on Japan and gwing secret military and economic aid to Jiang Jieshi
• CCP- Chinese Communist Party led by Mao. Zedong
• GMD- Guomindang led by Jiang Jieshi
• Jiang Jieshi was the official leader of China from 1927
• Jieshi promoted a New Life Regime as an alternative. to Communism -roads, airunes, schools and malls were opened.
• 80,000 men sent out in what is known as long march
• only 6000 of original group remained
• mao retreated to mountains but it turned into a propaganda success
• full scale Japanese invasion July 1937, attention was diverted to defeating the Japanese
• full scale Japanese invasion launched July 1937 which caused the CCP + GMD to become allies.
• Roosevelt gave loans to GMD to aid them
• 1941 - Pearl Harbour which allowed USA to give open aid to GMD
• WW2 conference Yalta 1945- Roosevelt agreed to land Concessions for the USSR which encouraged Soviet Expansion in Asia
• US bombing of Hiroshima, CCP joining with Stalin's invasion of Manchuria and NO agreement between CCP GMD meant fighting fighting resumed
• Jieshi’s gov was internationally recognised by 1945
• October 1945 agreement said that a democratic poutical system, free elections, guarantees of freedoms, elections for a national assembly. - Couldn't agree so fighting intensified
• Truman gave Jieshi $450 million + 50,000 marines
• The embargo was lifted in May 1947 because of republican outcry about abandoning Jieshi