Keeping it Renal

• What does GFR stand for?

  Glomerular filtration rate
• What does UACR stand for?

  Urine albumine creatine rate
• Gentotype is the genetic makeup.
• What are some symptoms of PKD?

  Lower back pain, swelling, and high blood pressure.
• What are some symptoms of CKD?

  Muscle pain, high blood pressure, and fatigue.
• Kidneys : filter blood, regulate fluid volumes, and produce urine.
• How many mL of fluid can you two kidneys filter in a minute?

  120 mililiters of fluid and dissolved substances per minute
• The three tests used in a urinalysis?

  Chemical, macroscopic, and microscopic analysis.
• How do you analyze urinalysis?

  You look at the color, clarity, and the particles in the urine.
• What is ADH?


  A hormone that helps regulate water.
• Kidney failure when one or both kidneys stop working correctly.
• What a ressesive allele?

  An allele that is masked by a dominant allele. (aa)
• What is a dominant allele?

  An allele that is expressed in the phenotype when present in the genotype. (AA)
• Heterozygous is a genotype that has two different alleles for a particular gene. (Aa)
• Homozygous is having two identical alleles of a particular gene, e.g. AA
• Phenotype is the physical expression or traits of a gene.
• PKD is a genetic disorder that causes progressive kidney failure and can be treated with a kidney transplant.
• CKD is a progressive condition that can lead to kidney failure and death.
• Where is secretion found in the nephron?

  Proximal tubule, distal tubule, and collecting duct.
• Reabsorbtion is found where in the nephron?

  Proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct.
• Filtration is found where in the nephron?

  The glomerulus and bowsman.
• Secretion is the process that kidneys use to move solutes from the blood to the lumen of the tubule.
• Reabsorbtion is the process that the kidney uses to move solutes from the lumen of the tubule to the blood.
• Filtration is the process that kidneys use to filter exces fluid and waste products out of the blood into urine.
• What is gel electrophoeresis?


  Seperation of DNA strands.
• What is Kidney failure?

  Loss of kidney function.
• What is gestational diabetes?

  High blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
• What is ketoacidosis?

  A metabolic state characterized by high levels of ketones and acidosis.
• What are symptoms of kidney failure?

  Swelling, discolored urine, lower back pain, high levels of protein, and red blood cells in urine
• What are some causes of kidney failure?

  Age, untreated diabetes, and high blood pressure.
• A PKD kidney is a kidney covered in cysts
• Mechanical digestion is when you mechanically break down food. EX: teeth
• Chemical digestion is when you chemically break down pood particles. EX: saliva
• What helps break down particles?

  Enzymes
• An endo scopy is an invasive procedure used to look inside the GI.
• EGD is used to look inside the upper digestive system.
• A colonoscopy is an invasive procedure used to look inside the large intestines.
• A polyp is an abnormal growth on a mucos.
• A biopsy is a procedure to remove a piece of tissue or sample of cells.
• Dysbiosis is an imbalance between the types of organisms present in a persons natural microflora.