B9- Cancer and disease

• Coronary heart disease


  Layers of fatty material that build up inside the arteries, narrowing them resulting in lack of oxygen for the heart
• Stent


  A device inserted into a blocked artery to keep it open allowing more blood and oxygen to the heart
• Statins


  Drugs that reduce blood cholesterol levels, slowing the rate of fatty material deposit
• Faulty heart valve


  Heart valve that doesn't open properly or leak
• Treating a faulty heart valve

  Replace with a biological or mechanical valve
• Heart transplant


  Performed in cases of heart failure
• Artificial hearts

  Keep patients alive whilst waiting for a transplant, or allow the heart to rest for recovery
• Health

  State of physical and mental well-being
• Factors that can affect health

  • Disease
  • Diet
  • Stress
  • Exercise
  • Life situations
• Risk factor

  Aspect of lifestyle or substance in the body that can increase the risk of a disease developing
• Risk factors

  • Poor diet
  • Smoking
  • Lack of exercise
  • Alcohol
  • Carcinogens
• Cancer


  A result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and cell division by mitosis
• Malignant tumours


  Cancerous tumours that can spread to neighbouring tissues and other parts of the body in the blood, forming secondary tumours
• Benign tumours


  Non-cancerous tumours that do not spread in the body
• Types of risk factors for cancer


  • Lifestyle
  • Genetic
• Carcinogen

  A substance that can cause cancers to develop