Topic 5

• What is the process of breaking down ATP called?

  Hydrolysis
• What enzyme is responsible for hydrolysis of ATP?

  ATPase enzyme
• What is released during the hydrolysis of ATP?

  Energy
• What type of reaction is hydrolysis?

  Exothermic reaction
• What does Pi stand for in the context of ATP?

  Inorganic phosphate
• What is the ATP cycle primarily involved in?

  Energy transfer in cells
• What type of reaction is phosphorylation?

  Endothermic reaction
• What enzyme synthesizes ATP?

  ATP synthase enzyme
• What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

  • Transfers hydrogen between molecules
  • Reduced to NADPH
  • Acts as a coenzyme
• Where does the light-dependent reaction occur in chloroplasts?

  Thylakoid membranes
• What is the function of the chloroplast envelope?

  Keeps photosynthesis reactions close
• What are grana in chloroplasts?

  Stacked thylakoids
• What is the stroma in chloroplasts?

  Gel-like substance in inner membrane
• What do oil droplets in the stroma store?

  Non-carbohydrate organic material
• What do starch grains in the stroma store?

  Carbohydrate organic material
• What are the main processes that occur in both animals and plants?

  • Muscle contraction
  • Active transport
  • DNA replication
  • Cell division
  • Protein synthesis
• What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

  6H₂O(l) + 6CO₂(g) → 6O₂(g) + C₆H₁₂O₆(aq)
• What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  Absorbs different wavelengths of light
• What is photophosphorylation?

  Using light to add phosphate to a molecule
• What is photolysis?

  Splitting molecules using light
• What is a redox reaction?

  Involves oxidation and reduction
• What happens during reduction in a redox reaction?

  Gain of electrons and hydrogen
• What happens during oxidation in a redox reaction?

  Loss of electrons and hydrogen
• What are the key processes of photosynthesis?

  1. Light absorption
  2. Water splitting (photolysis)
  3. Carbon fixation
  4. Glucose formation
  5. Oxygen release
• What is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis?

  Sunlight
• What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

  Provides hydrogen for glucose formation
• What is the significance of oxygen produced in photosynthesis?

  Released into the atmosphere
• How is glucose formed during photosynthesis?

  By combining hydrogen with CO₂
• What is the function of NADPH in photosynthesis?

  Acts as a reducing agent
• What is the role of enzymes in photosynthesis?

  Aid the function of coenzymes
• What is the relationship between NADP+ and NADPH?

  NADP+ is reduced to NADPH
• What is the significance of the thylakoid membrane's large surface area?

  Allows maximum light absorbance
• What is the function of the thylakoid fluid-filled sacs?

  Facilitate light-dependent reactions
• What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  Absorbs light energy
• What is the overall purpose of photosynthesis?

  Convert light energy into chemical energy
• What is the significance of the double membrane in chloroplasts?

  Separates reactions for photosynthesis
• How does photosynthesis contribute to the ecosystem?

  Produces oxygen and glucose for organisms
• What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

  Provides energy to drive reactions
• What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

  Photosynthesis produces glucose for respiration
• What is the significance of the hydrogen from water in photosynthesis?

  Stored in glucose as energy