Paper 1

• Active transport


  the movement of a substance from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution
• Cell differentation


  the process where a cell becomes specialised to its function
• Cell membrane


  a partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell
• Cell wall


  an outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cell
• Chloroplast


  the site of photosynthesis
• Chromosomes 


  DNA structures found in the nucleus which are made up of genes
• Diffusion


  the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• Eukaryotic cell


  a cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus
• Mitochondria


  the site of respiration
• Mitosis


  type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell
• Osmosis


  the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
• Prokaryotic cell


  a cell found in bacteria that doesn't contain a nucleus
• Stem cell


  an undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the same type
• Vacuole

  an organelle that stores cell sap
• Amylase


  an enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks carbohydrates down into simple sugars
• Lipase


  an enzyme that is produced in the pancreas that breaks lipids down into fatty acids
• Phloem


  a transport tissue found in plants which is specialised to transport sugars
• Protease


  an enzyme produced in the stomach and pancreas that breaks proteins down into amino acids
• Xylem


  a transport tissue in plants which is specialised to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves
• Gonorrhoea

  an STD caused by a bacterium

  Symptoms:

  -thick yellow/green discharge from penis or vagina

  -pain when urinating
• HIV


  a sexually transmitted infectious virus that weakens the immune system
• Malaria


  a disease caused by a protist that causes fever and can be fatal
• Measles


  a serious disease caused by a virus

  Symptoms:

  -fever

  -rashes
• Rose black spot


  a fungal disease where purple/black spots appear on the leaves of plants
• Salmonella


  a bacterial disease spread by bacteria ingested in uncooked food

  Symptoms:

  -fever

  -abdominal cramps

  -vomiting
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus


  a plant pathogen that produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves and limits their growth