Natural Hazards

• Cyclone Idai - Deaths

  1300
• Cyclone Idai - Cost

  $3 billion
• Cyclone Idai - When + Where


  Malawi and Mozambique coast + Zimbabwe inland; 4 March 2019
• Cyclone Idai - Primary impacts


  90% Beira (port city) destroyed

  Electricity and water lost across region

  Flooded fields + houses left many homeless and hungry
• Cyclone Idai - Secondary impacts

  Rivers overflowed, washing away roads

  700000 Ha crops lost

  Outbreaks of cholera

  Mudslides + Dams and other river structures destroyed
• Cyclone Idai - Immediate responses


  Evacuation centers set up for 250000 displaced persons

  UN provided food, water and shelter kits

  WHO (World Health Organistion) provided 900000 cholera vaccinations and provided mosquito nets
• Cyclone Idai - Long term responses

  Dutch engineers restored infrastructure in Beira

  New buildings more resistant to conditions + better protected

  Improvements in warning system
• Cyclone Idai - Scale

  Scale 2 cyclone
• Japan Earthquake - When

  11th March 2011
• Japan Earthquake - Deaths

  Roughly 20000
• Japan Earthquake - Cost

  $235 billion
• Japan Earthquake - Primary impacts

  5 minutes of shaking

  4 million without electricity

  1.5 million without water
• Japan Earthquake - Secondary impacts

  10m Tsunami - caused vast majority of deaths

  Sendai almost completely leveled

  Fukushima explosion - 100000 evacuated

  560km^2 of land inundated

  Over 700 aftershocks
• Japan Earthquake - Scale

  9.0
• Japan Earthquake - Short term responses


  Red flag search and rescue system - over 100000 volunteers

  Key infrastructure restored despite Fukishima setback
• Japan Earthquake - Long term responses

  $150 reconstruction budget

  Most debris cleared by 2015

  Higher sea wall with improved warning system
• Nepal Earthquake - When

  25th April 2015
• Nepal Earthquake - Cost


  $5 billion
• Nepal Earthquake - Scale


  7.6
• Nepal Earthquake - deaths


  9000
• Nepal Earthquake - Primary impacts


  3 million left homeless

  Large landslides and avalanches

  Airports and hospital overwhelmed

  Lack of water and electricity supply
• Nepal Earthquake - Secondary impacts


  Landslips causing mass flooding - north of Kathmandu

  20000 injured
• Nepal Earthquake - Short term responses


  International search and rescue saved 16

  Field hospitals set up by red cross

  300000 migrated from Kathmandu
• Nepal Earthquake - Long term responses


  Most roads and routes repaired by end 2015

  UNESCO working to restore over 700 destroyed temples or site of significance

  357000 new homes planned

  New risk reduction plan adopted in 2018