cells

• what is the function of the cell membrane?

  controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
• what is the function of cytoplasm?

  where chemical reactions take place
• what is the function of the nucleus?

  carries genetic information and controls what happens in the cell
• what is the function of the mitochondria?

  where respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell
• what is the function of the vacuole?

  contains cell sap which keeps the cell firm
• what is the function of the cell wall?

  made of cellulose, supports the cell
• what is the function of chloroplasts?

  contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy. Where photosynthesis occurs
• which organelles are found in animal cells?

  cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
• which organelles are found in plant cells?

  cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
• what is the equation for overall magnification?

  eyepiece x objective lens = overall magnification
• magnification 


  image size divide by actual size
• what is cell differentiation?

  cells becoming adapted to specific functions, these are called specialised cells
• How are nerve cells specialised to their function?

  long and insulated with a fatty layer to carry electrical impulses
• how are sperm cells specialised to their function?

  has a tail to swim and a pointy head to enter and fertilise egg
• how are palisade cells specialised to their function?

  packed with chloroplast for photosynthesis
• how are xylem cells specialised to their function?

  long, thin, straw like waterproof tube to carry water from roots to leaves
• how are red blood cells specialised to their function?

  biconcave shape, no nucleus and contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen around the body
• what are tissues?

  Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
• what are organs?

  group of tissues carrying out a specific function
• what is an organ system?

  A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
• organ systems work together to form an organism
• what is a concentration gradient? Difference in concentration of a substance between two areas. high and low
• Going from high to low concentration is going down the concentration gradient.
• going from low to high concentration is going against the concentration gradient