11-information handling, modelling and forward planning

• Marketing involves marketing analysis, research techniques, raw data analysis to enable enterprise to be encouraged
• Marketing

  -a study of a specific part of a companies market as part of a business plan or feasibility study

  -research techniques such as surveys, focus groups, questionnaires
• Innovation management refers to the way that companies systematically organise the renewal of the way they work and the outcomes of their activities in order to improve profitability. This can be through CAD or an idea for a new product to be added to a range
• innovation management includes:

  -prototyping, ideation (where all members of a design team get together to make suggestions in an uninhibited way), product lifecycle management (strategic management technique that focuses on the improvement of time management and reduction of costs), Kaizen
• Feasibility study is to systematically ascertain the practicality of undertaking the design, manufacture and marketing of a particular product

  • direct costs, including materials and the labour of manufacturing workers for specific production tasks
  • indirect costs, such as lighting, rent, maintenance
• Budgets included financial forecasts designed to gauge potential income and expenditure to make decisions on potential viability of product design and manufacture

  Financial forecasts are based on market trends, relevant government policies, sales, inventory and manufacturing reviews
• Planning for production is the process of determining the amount of resources needed to produce a product or service. including the allocation of employees, materials, and scale of production
• Intellectual property is an idea that is turned into a physical creation that did not exist for example, a book, film
• Patents apply only to the working parts of a design, 20 years legal protection but are expensive and complicated to obtain
• Copyright is legal protection for work such as books, music, films and TV programmes, The copyright design and patents act 1988 provides cover for most works for 70 years after death of creator
• Unregistered design rights provide legal protection for designers to stop unauthorised copying for ten years based on appearance. Registration is not required but ownership is hard to prove in a dispute
• Registered design offers legal protection for product appearance and decoration not working parts, designs are registered for 25 years by submitting illustrations
• Trademarks give legal protection for brand identity and facilitate marketing. It is a unique combination of words, sounds, colours and logos
• British standards (BSI AND KITE MARK)

  bsi verification kitemark is a national organisation that devises agreed standard procedures for performing a wide range of tasks. A kitemark is used to identify a compliant product
• British standards include

  BS EN 71-1: saftey of toys, mechanical and physical properties

  BS EN 50361: electromagentic effect of mobile phones

  BS EN 1363: Three pin plugs and sockets
• European standards uses CE mark which means it conforms to all relevant European safety standards and is mandatory for EU sales
• International standards consists of 150 standards that are used in the manufacturing industry.

  Best known are:

  -BS EN ISO 9001, Quality management system standard

  -BS EN ISO 14000 Environmental management