Drugs and Behavior

• 2 types of Psychoactive & non-psychoactive

  Psychoactive: slow growing, weak fiber, high cannabinoid content, 9^THC

  
  

  Non-psychoactive (HEMP) fast growing, strong plant fiber, little cannabinoid content
• Cannabis originated


  China to Europe (smoked or confections)

  US/Europe: patent med cure-alls

  1619: US require grow hemp

  1876: smoking brought to US

  1920s jazz music linked to crime
• Hemp history


  1619: US require citizens to grow hemp or be jailed

  1890: cotton replaced hemp (cash crop)

  LEGAL TENDER- early 1800s
• When was smoking cannabis introduced to the united states, and what was cannabis used for in the US priorto this?

  1876: smoking brought to US as a part of worlds fair

  US/Europe used as patent med cure-alls

  USE: inc 1920s during PROHIBITION

  Tea pods
• When and why was marijuana made illegal? Who was responsible for this, and what were some myths that he told to convince congress to make it illegal?

  Aslinger campaign: Newspaper, movies,etc. Marij not a gate way drug, vioelence

  1931-1938: camp

  1937: Marijuana Tax Act
• What was the LaGuardia committee and what did it attempt to do?

  Proved Ansligner wrong!

  Looked at studies and found nothing true
• Classified/law


  1970s; classified as sch. 1 drug.

  Appeal to people who want to go beyond

  Tim Lerry argued; break law. Have marijunana to break law→ law went away
• Active Ingredients


  - Delta-9- xTetra (THC)

  - Cannabidol (CBD)

  - Cannabigerol (CBG)

  - Delta-8-THC

  Tetrahydrocannabivarin

  Cannabichromene
• 3 species of hemp

  1. Sativa say creative

  - Energy high (Not true)

  - Tall & thing

  2. Indica say calming

  - Relaxing high (not true)

  - Short and wide plant

  3. Ruderalis

  - Low THC, high - CBD
• Form of Cannabis: marijuana


  dried leaves and flowers

  
  

  - Smoked or eaten

  - Wide range of THC content (5-20%)

  - Sinsemilla: buds of flowering female plant (25 to 35 THC)
• Form of Cannabis: Bhang


  Entire remainder of plant after top has been picked

  
  

  - Hindu tradition in India

  - Resin removed

  - Ground into powder and made into drink with almonds and spices
• Form of Cannabis: Hashish


  resin from top of female plant

  Dried and then smoked or baked into food

  Rare in US ~1% confiscated marijuana is hashish (states say need to diluted)
• Form of Cannabis: THC or CBD Extraction


  - Co2 Extraction: high skill, expensive, but very potent

  - Ethanol extraction- Flammable and destroys plant waxes that may have health benefits

  - Olive oil- effective but perishable and not as concentrated as other methods
• Form of Cannabis: Hash Oil


  Solvents used to extract the cannabinoids

  
  

  - Tends to have high THC content (15 to 70%)

  - Dabbing: heated oil and inhaling

  - Problem: Hash oil often extracted using butane= explosion. Very high THC content (80%)
• Potency


  - Flowers contain greatest resin (Syrup

  - Potency of cananis dependent on resin

  - Leaves contain less resin

  - Little resin in stalk
• Ingestion


  Slow

  Peak effects in 1-3 hrs. Last up to 6 hrs

  Dosing difficult
• Fat soluble


  cook in butter→ binds with fat, feel more effects
• Inhalation


  - 10-25% cannabinods absorbed

  Peak: 15 mins, last 30-60

  bong/water (do not reduce tar levels in marij smoke)

  marij smoke 50-70% more carcinogens than cigs
• Effects


  - peak 15, 30-60

  - Psych: euporhia, relax, sleep,

  - Percep: altered percep of space & time, mood change, introspection

  - Physical: inc hr, red eyes, inc appetite, dec coordination, dry mouth, headache
• Iverson depcit mJ


  1. buzz, dizzy/lightheaded

  2. High: euphoria & exhil

  3. Stoned; relax

  4. Come down
• USE


  - most common used illegal drug

  -50% amercians try once

  - 6th largest cash crop
• Cannabis


  Genus of plants known as marijuana or hemp. Includes C. indica and C. sativa.
• What are the parts of a marijuana plant that produce the greatest and least potent effect?

  THC produces most

  CBD None

  Potency of cannabus depend on resin
• Regulations


  Current fed illegal to possess

  state diff

  no long research

  may be resch fed after research
• THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)


  concentrated in a resin with different amounts of resin produced by diff parts of the plant
• Cannabioids


  a class of biological compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors.
• two main a cannabinoid

  THC AND CBD
• THC mech


  bind to two receptors, CB1 (hippo, brain) and CB2 (periph)
• CBD Mech NOT SURFE

  CBD binds to FAAH

  FAAH breaks down amandine in brain

  - not break down amandmine, more amandine in synapse bind to CBD receptors

  - CBD binds distincit site on CB1 recept
• CBD scheduling


  depend on source

  - sch 2 if dervied from psychoactive cannabis sativa

  - 2018 FDA moved CBD rx
• active ingredients


  Delta -9.. THC

  Cannabidol (CBD)

  Cannabigerol (CBG)

  Delta-8 (THC)

  tetra

  cannabichromene
• 3 species of hemp

  sativa (tall, energy)

  Indica (short wide, relaxing)

  Ruderalis (low THC, big CBD)
• Marijuana


  dried leaves and flower

  - smoked or eaten

  - wide range THC content

  Sinsemilla (bud of flower Female plant)
• Bhang


  remainder of plant after top is off

  -resin removed

  - ground to powder, drink with almonds and spices

  -hindu
• Hashish


  resin from top of female plant

  - dried then smoked or baked

  - rare in us
• THC or CBD extraction

  Co2 Extraction: high skill, expensive, but very potent

  Ethanol extraction- Flammable and destroys plant waxes that may have health benefits
• Hash oil


  Solvents used to extract the cannabinoids

  Tends to have high THC content (15 to 70%)

  Dabbing: heated oil and inhaling

  Problem: Hash oil often extracted using butane= explosion. Very high THC content (80%)
• Potency


  Flowers contain greatest resin (Syrup

  Potency of cananis dependent on resin

  Leaves contain less resin

  Little resin in stalk
• Ingestion


  Slow

  Peak effects in 1-3 hrs. Last up to 6 hrs

  Dosing difficult
• Driving Effect


  acute mj use is corrleated with cog impair when driving

  Not enough about info for habitual users

  Issue w/ legal (field and blood test)