Chemistry - yr9 EoY -

• What is the electronic structure?

  2,8,8
• What is the anatomy of an atom?

  nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons, electron shell and electron orbit
• What is the definition of a compound?

  When 2 or more elements are chemically bonded together.
• What is the definition of an element?

  A substance made up of only one atom.
• What is the mass number?

  number of protons and neutrons
• what is the atomic number?

  number of just protons
• What is the definition of displacement?

  When a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen to form a compound.
• What kind of metals are found as pure in the ground?


  non-reactive
• What kind of metals are found as ores?

  reactive
• What needs to happen before metal can be used?

  it has to be extracted.
• How do blast furnaces work?

  heats iron ore with carbon to very high temperatures.
• What materials do blast furnaces produce?

  iron metal and carbon dioxide
• When is electrolysis used?


  To separate compounds or elements that are more reactive than carbon using an electric current.
• What does high grade mean?

  large amount of metal in ore
• what does low grade mean?


  small amount of metal in ore.
• What is phytomining?


  uses plants to absorb compounds through roots , then burned and the metals are extracted from the ash
• What is bioleaching?


  Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metal compounds from ores, then releases them in solutions called leachates to be extracted.
• When are bioleaching and phytomining used?

  To extract metal from low grade ores.
• Who came up with the law of octaves?

  John Newlands
• What is the law of octaves?

  each element is similar to the element that is eight places further on in the periodic table
• Who ordered elements by atomic mass?

  Dmitri Mendeleev
• Who made the periodic table so there were 7 groups of 8 elements?

  John Newlands
• Who grouped metals and non-metals together?

  John Newlands
• Who left gaps for undiscovered elements and their predicted properties?

  Dmitri Mendeleev
• Who discovered the neutron?

  James Chadwick
• Who ordered the periodic table by atomic number, due to discovery of the neutron?

  Dimitri Mendeleev
• What is electroplating?


  The process of depositing a thin layer of metal onto an object using an electric current - another use of electrolysis
• What is group 1?

  Alkali metals
• What is group 7?

  Group 7 refers to the HALOGENS, a group of elements in the periodic table that includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
• What is group 0?

  Noble gases.
• What are the properties of alkali metals?

  Soft, highly reactive (more when you go down the group and when atoms get bigger) low melting and boiling points, easily lose electrons to form positive ions, react violently with water
• What are the properties of halogens?

  Halogens are a group of elements in the periodic table that include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine they are highly reactive nonmetals, and they have seven electrons in their outer shell, low melting and boiling points, and they exist in all three states of matter at room temperature, strong odour and are toxic in nature. Additionally, halogens can easily gain an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, but they get bigger and more electron shielding makes it harder to gain 1 electron.
• What are the properties of noble gases?

  Non-reactive, full outer shell, stable