B1 learn

• What is osmosis?

  Movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a semi permeable membrane
• Active transport

  Movement of molecules from high conc to low conc
• How can you increase the rate of diffusion/osmosis

  • Increase temp
  • Increase difference in concentrations
  • Increase surface area
• Where is amalayse made / what does it do?

  Enzyme secreted in salivary gland and pancreas.

  Breaks down starch into glucose
• What are villi?

  Cells in small intensive which absorb nutrients into bloodstream.

  Hair like shape meaning higher surface area meaning higher absorption rate
• What do carbohydrases proteases and lipases  break down?

  Carbodhydraeses- complex carbohydrates into simple sugars

  Proteases- proteins into amino acids

  Lipases- lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• What are the tests for starch sugars proteins and lipids

  Strach- truns iodine from orange to black

  Sugar- turns benedicts solution from blue to orange

  Protein- buerets reagent from blue to purple

  Lipids- turn cold ethanol cloudy
• What are the tests for starch sugars proteins and lipids

  Strach- truns iodine from orange to black

  Sugar- turns benedicts solution from blue to orange

  Protein- billets reagent from blue to purple

  Lipids- turn cold ethanol cloudy
• Parts of heart in order which blood passes through

  Vena cava

  Right atrium

  Right ventricle

  Pulmonary artery to lungs

  Back through pulmonary vein

  Left atrim

  Left ventricle

  Out the aorta (main artery)
• Whay are two sides of the heart different

  Left side has thicker walls to deal with higher pressure as it pumps to the whole body whereas the right side only pumps blood to the lungs
• What is an artery?

  
  

  Artery- carries blood away from heart thick walls thin lumen to withstand high pressure
• What is a vein what does it do

  Carries blood back to heart

  Thin walls and wide lumen valves to prevents backflow of deoxigenated blood
• What are capillaries

  One cell thick walls to allow fast diffusion between blood and cells
• What is the difference between benign and malignant cancer

  Cancer - when damaged cells divide uncontrollably forming tumors

  Benign cancers do not spread

  Malignant cancers spread
• How can area of transpiration be increased (plant)

  Increase temp

  Increase air flow

  Larger surface area from leave

  All of these increase rate if evaporation from the leaves
• What is special about meristem of plant

  Where new cells are made these are specialised / differentiated cells
• Function of lymphocytes and phagocytes

  Produce antibodies that bind to virus antigens stopping it from infecting anymore cells to reoroduce pjagocytes ingest and destroy