Key idea 4

• Urban sustainability


  Management of resources and transport
• Features of sustainable urban living

  • Future
  • Environmental
  • Economic
  • Social
• A sustainable city is one that meets the needs of the current population whilst ensuring the needs of future populations can also be met
• Ecological footprint

  Measures the area of land needed to provide all the resources and services consumed, and absorb all the waste produced
• London's ecological footprint is 4.54 global hectares per person, almost twice the world average
• London's ecological footprint is bigger than its geographical size
• Why London has a large ecological footprint


  • Inputs: Food, Water, Energy, Land
  • Outputs: Waste, Sewage, Pollution
• What makes East Village sustainable

  • Social: Green space, Water use, CHP system, Insulation
  • Economic: Wetland area, Local businesses, Rainwater use, Affordable housing
  • Environmental: Green roofs, Energy use, Cycle paths
• High population density in cities leads to a large amount of waste output
• Reducing waste


  • Reducing packaging
  • Recycling initiatives
  • Biogas digesters
  • Producing own food and composting
• Water and energy


  • Green roofs
  • Grey water systems
  • Renewable energy
  • Electric cars
• Sustainable urban transport strategies can reduce traffic congestion, accidents, and emissions
• Sustainable urban transport strategies

  • Freiburg tram network
  • London congestion charge
  • Park and ride
• Park and ride schemes can reduce car trips and CO2 emissions, but have faced issues with fare increases and reduced usage