cell structure

• animal cell size

  0.01mm - 0.05mm
• plant cell size

  0.05mm - 0.10mm
• how small can a human eye can see?

  0.05mm
• what type of microscope is used in school lab?

  compound microscope
• what are the two lenses that a compound microscope is using?

  eyepiece and objective lens
• what is the formula for the magnification of the microscope?

  magnification of the eyepiece x magnification of the objective
• what is the formula for magnification of an image

  size of image divided by real size of object
• triangle formula for magnification of an image

  size of image divided by real size of object multiplied by magnification
• what is the best unit to measure most of the cells?

  micrometre
• what type of measurement would you use when it comes to sub-cellular cells?

  nanometre
• when writing or working with small or big number we use standard form
• 1590s

  dutch spectacle makers, Janssen experimented when putting lenses in tubes. they made the first compound microscope but none of it have survived. they are thought to magnify from x3 to x9
• 1650

  british scientist Robert Hooke observed and drew cells using a compound microscope
• Late 1600s

  Dutch scientist Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek constructed with a single spherical lens. It can be magnified up to x275
• 1800s

  microscopes are similar to what we use today
• what is the resolution of a light microscope?

  0.2 micrometre or 200 nanometre
• what are the two types of electron microscopes?

  scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope
• this is commonly used in lower magnification

  scanning electron microscope
• this is used to examine thin slices or sections of cells or tissues

  transmission electron microscope
• what is the resolution of transmission electron microscope?

  x1 000 000
• A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.


  cytoplasm
• Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.

  nucleus
• Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

  cell membrane
• Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.

  mitochondria
• Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.

  ribosomes
• how many structure does an animal cell have?

  5
• Organelles that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

  chloroplast
• Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.

  cell wall
• Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.

  permanent vacuole
• measuring cell size: how to find the length?

  divisions multiplied by eyepiece graticule division
• measuring cell size: how to find the graticule divisions?

  length divided by eyepiece graticule division
• cells of bacteria are called ..

  prokaryotic cells
• cells of animals, plants, and fungi are called ..

  eukaryotic cells
• give some examples of animal cells

  sperm cell, nerve cell, muscle
• what are the parts of sperm cell?

  tail, acrosome, haploid nucleus, midpiece containing mitochondria
• The head of the sperm contains the genetic material for fertilisation.
• The acrosome in the head contains enzymes so that the sperm can penetrate an egg. 
• The middle piece is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg. 
• The tail enables the sperm to swim.
• what are the parts of sperm cell?

  dendrite, axon, nucleus, nerve ending, cytoplasm, cell membrane