science 9

• Heat transfer


  The transfer of energy from a high temperature object to a low temperature object
• Methods of heat transfer

  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
• Heat engine


  A device which converts thermal energy to mechanical energy
• Respiratory system


  Also known as the human breathing system, responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide
• Parts of the respiratory system


  • Nose and mouth
  • Nasal cavity or nasal passageways
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Lungs
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
• Inhalation

  1. Oxygen enters the body

  2. Ribs move out, chest space increases

  3. Diaphragm muscle contracts, moves down
• Exhalation


  1. Carbon dioxide exits the body

  2. Ribs move in, chest space decreases

  3. Diaphragm muscle relaxes, moves up
• Circulatory system


  Also known as the cardiovascular system, the life support structure that nourishes cells and delivers materials in the body
• Major parts of the circulatory system


  • Heart
  • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
  • Blood
• The heart is a hollow muscle as big as your fist
• Parts of the heart


  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Bicuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Aortic valve
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
  • Aorta
• Circulatory system function


  Air enters lungs, goes to left side of heart, pumped through body, carbon dioxide goes to right side of heart, expelled through lungs
• Types of circulation


  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Coronary circulation
  • Systemic circulation
• The circulatory system circulates vital elements like oxygen and nutrients, and transports waste away from the body
• Nasal Cavity is the air passing this part is warm, damp, and clean
• Trachea is where air travels downward towards bronchioles
• Pharynx is where food passes into esophagus or trachea
• Larynx is where vocal chords are located
• Lungs are where gas exchange occurs between blood and alveoli
• Diaphragm is a muscle that contracts to pull air into the lungs
• Heart is where deoxygenated blood enters right atrium and oxygenated blood leaves left ventricle
• Trachea is also called windpipes
• Trachea is an empty tube that serves as a passageway of air into the lungs.
• Bronchioles are small tubes that branch off from bronchus, which leads to alveoli
• Capillaries are very thin-walled vessels that connect arteries with veins
• Alveoli are the air sacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs.
• Heart pumps blood throughout the body
• Blood vessels has three types, the veins, arteries, and capillaries
• Veins, carry blood towards the heart
• Arteries, carries blood away from the heart
• capilliaries, smalles blood vessel in the body
• pulmonary circulation is the blood that goes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
• systematic circulation is the movement of blood throughout the body excluding the lungs