histo: exam 4

• 1. Follicles or cysts are most often found in the — of the hypothalamus and pituitary. 
  2. Infundibulum 
  3. Pars nervosa 
  4. Pars intermedia
  5. Pars distalis 
  6. Pars tuberalis

  Pars intermedia
• Before ovulation, developing ovarian follicles produce —. 

  1. Estradiol and progesterone 
  2. Androgen 
  3. Cortisol 
  4. Estradiol
  5. Progesterone

  Estradiol
• Which of the following ovarian cells make and secrete androgenic hormones? 

  1. Hilus cells 
  2. Cumulus oophorus cells 
  3. Theca externa cells
  4. Granulosa cells 
  5. Corona radiata cells

  Theca externa cells
• Within the testis, most of the testicular volume is occupied by —. 

  1. The epididymis 
  2. Leydig cells 
  3. Seminiferous tubules
  4. The mediastinum 
  5. Noncellular interstitial tissue

  Seminiferous tubules
• Longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells are found in the — layer around the urinary bladder. 

  1. Both middle and outer 
  2. Only inner 
  3. Only middle
  4. Only outer 
  5. Both inner and outer

  Only middle
• When looking in a seminiferous tubule, if you observe a lot of round cells with round nuclei located near the basement membrane of the epithelium, you are probably looking at —. 

  1. Spermatids 
  2. Primary spermatocytes 
  3. Sertoli cells 
  4. Spermatogonia
  5. Leydig cells

  Spermatogonia
• If you examine the renal sinus microscopically, it would be composed mostly of: (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY.) 

  1. Loops of Henle 
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Convoluted tubules 
  4. Collecting ducts 
  5. Adipose tissue
  6. Blood vessels
  7. Adipose tissue
• Sections of a proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) can be distinguished from sections of a distal convoluted tubule (DCT) because PCT cells: 

  1. Have many microvilli 
  2. Are stratified 
  3. Are distinctly larger (taller) than cells of the DCT 
  4. Both A and C are correct
  5. Both B and C are correct

  Both A and C are correct
• The peritoneum forms which of the following structures? (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY.) 

  1. Germinal epithelium 
  2. Mesovarium
  3. Mesometrium
  4. Broad ligament
  5. Ectocervix

  Mesovarium

  Mesometrium

  Broad ligament
• The stratum vascular is located 

  1. Between the stratum basalis and stratum functionalis of the endometrium 
  2. Within the perimetrium 
  3. Between layers of the myometrium
  4. Just beneath the germinal epithelium of the ovary 
  5. In the adventitia surrounding the uterus 

  Between layers of the myometrium
• A transitional epithelium is located in which of the following? (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY.) 

  1. Fallopian tubes 
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Ureter
  4. Vas deferens 
  5. Collecting ducts

  Urinary bladder

  Ureter
• Which of the following correctly pairs a cell type with the hormone it secretes? 

  1. Pituitary basophils, prolactin 
  2. Pituitary acidophils, vasopressin 
  3. Granuolsa and theca cells, estradiol
  4. Zona glomerulosa cells, androgens and estrogens 
  5. Pinealocytes, calcitonin

  Granuolsa and theca cells, estradiol
• In the ovary of a young adult woman, oogonia are present: 

  1. Between day 15-28 of each menstrual cycle 
  2. Throughout the entire 28 days of each menstrual cycle 
  3. Between days 1-14 of each menstrual cycle 
  4. Only on day 14 of the menstrual cycle (at ovulation) 
  5. Never

  Never
• The — is the portion of the uterine wall which changes most during the menstrual cycle. 

  1. Myometrium 
  2. Entire endometrium 
  3. Perimetrium 
  4. Basalis layer of endometrium
  5. Functionalis layer of the endometrium

  Functionalis layer of the endometrium
• A layer of podocytes forms the membrane of the —. 

  1. Parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule 
  2. Endothelium of glomeruli 
  3. Endothelium afferent and efferent arterioles 
  4. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
  5. Epithelial lining of distal and proximal convoluted tubules

  Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule
• A normal, healthy ectocervical lining consists of a — epithelium. 

  1. Strongly staining polymorphic stratified cuboidal 
  2. Simple cuboidal 
  3. Highly variable (ranging from squamous to columnar) 
  4. Stratified squamous
  5. Simple squamous

  stratified squamous
• Within a seminiferous tubule, the abundant small round nuclei seen near the tubular lumen belong to —. 

  1. Spermatids 
  2. Spermatozoa 
  3. Spermatogonia
  4. Primary spermatocytes 
  5. Atretic gametocytes

  Spermatogonia
• The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed by the association of cells lining the afferent and efferent arterioles with cells of the —. 

  1. Descending loop of Henle 
  2. Proximal convoluted tubule 
  3. Glomerulus 
  4. Distal convoluted tubule
  5. Ascending loop of Henle

  Distal convoluted tubule
• A relatively thick layer of smooth muscle surrounds the —. 

  1. Seminiferous tubules 
  2. Epididymis 
  3. Straight tubules 
  4. Vas deferens
  5. Rete testes

  Vas deferens
• Corpora arenacea consists of —. 

  1. Antral fluid 
  2. Protein colloid 
  3. Calcified mineral deposits
  4. Fluid from Rathke’s pouch 
  5. Neurotransmitter accumulations

  Calcified mineral deposits
• Peg cells: 

  1. Are ciliated cells which propel gametes along the genital duct 
  2. Are found in the fallopian tube epithelium
  3. Are diagnostic of cervical cancer 
  4. Are steroid-producing cells of the corpus luteum 
  5. Are most abundant in the tail of the epididymis

  Are found in the fallopian tube epithelium
• Secondary ovarian follicles can be distinguished from primary ovarian follicles because secondary follicles: (MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS CORRECT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY.)

  1. Are located in the medulla 
  2. Have a distinct, narrow cumulus oophorus 
  3. Have more oocytes inside 
  4. Have an internal antrum
  5. Have more cell layers in their follicular wall

  D and E
• Histologically, the hypothalamic-hypophyseal infundibulum (infundibular stalk) has the appearance of —. 

  1. Muscle tissue 
  2. Neural tissue
  3. Endocrine parenchymal cords 
  4. Epithelial cells 
  5. Follicles in a loose connective tissue

  Neural tissue
• Seminiferous tubules drain directly into the —. 

  1. Epididymis 
  2. Vas deferens 
  3. Straight tubules 
  4. Rete testis
  5. Efferent ductules

  Rete testis
• Cells of the — are pale (lightly-staining) cells, arranged in long rows or columns.

  1.  Zona glomerulosa 
  2. Zona reticularis 
  3. Zona fasciculata
  4. Zona pellucida 
  5. Zona vascular

  Zona fasciculata
• Cells lining the — often appear to have their nuclei bulging out of the cells’ apical surface. 

  1. Collecting ducts 
  2. Distal convoluted tubules 
  3. Proximal straight tubules 
  4. Proximal convoluted tubules
  5. Distal straight tubules

  Proximal convoluted tubules
• The general internal structure of most endocrine organs is that of: 

  1. A simple columnar epithelium 
  2. Parenchymal cells in loose C.T.
  3. A simple squamous epithelium 
  4. A stratified cuboidal epithelium 
  5. A fibroid mass with few cells

  Parenchymal cells in loose C.T.
• Around the testis, the visceral peritoneum forms the —. 

  1. Epididymal sheath 
  2. Testicular septae 
  3. Tunica albuginea 
  4. Tunica vaginalis 
  5. Tunica vascularis

  Tunica vaginalis
• In the male reproductive tract, cilia, stereocilia or microvilli are present on at least some (if not all) epithelial cells lining each of the following tubes/ducts, EXCEPT for the —. 

  1. Seminiferous tubules 
  2. Vas deferens 
  3. Straight tubules 
  4. Efferent ductules 
  5. More than one answer is correct.

  Seminiferous tubules
• True or False? Spermatids undergo meiosis to become spermatozoa.

  False
• In a mature ovary, each follicular lumen forms a tube connected to the —. 

  1. Fallopian tube 
  2. Ovarian medulla 
  3. Uterine cavity 
  4. Ovarian hilum 
  5. None of the above are correct.
• In the male reproductive system, a transitional epithelium lines the —. 

  1. Seminiferous tubules 
  2. Efferent ductules 
  3. Epididymis 
  4. Vas deferens 
  5. None of the above are correct

  Efferent ductules
• Normally, during the last 14 days of the menstrual cycle, 

  1. A single corpus luteum is present in the ovarian cortex 
  2. Primary and secondary follicles are proliferating and growing in size 
  3. Oogonia are starting cell division to create new primordial follicles 
  4. Progesterone secretion by the ovary is very low, almost non-existent 
  5. About 25 very large primordial follicles fill nearly the entire volume of the ovarian cortex

  A
• Spermatozoa develop the ability to swim: 

  1. In the epididymis 
  2. In the seminiferous tubule 
  3. Immediately upon finishing meiosis 
  4. In the rete testis 
  5. In the vagina

  In the epididymis
• Histologically, the adrenocortical cells have an appearance that suggests they synthesize —. 

  1. ATP 
  2. Steroids 
  3. Proteins 
  4. Carbohydrates 
  5. Amines

  Steroids
• During normal female development, the ovaries lose all their oogonia: 

  1. At menopause 
  2. About a decade after menopause 
  3. At puberty 
  4. Shortly after birth 
  5. Before birth

  Before birth
• Which of the following is NOT an accessory sex organ in the male reproductive system? 

  1. Fallopian tube 
  2. Seminal vesicle 
  3. Vas deferens 
  4. Epididymis 
  5. None of the answers are good answers - all of these ARE male accessory sex organs

  Fallopian tube
• Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic of males? 

  1. Testes 
  2. Prostate glands 
  3. Bulbourethral glands 
  4. Scrotum 
  5. Deeper voice 

  Deeper voice
• The adenohypophysis includes the —. (MORE THAN ONE IS CORRECT. MARK ALL THAT APPLY.) 

  1. Median eminence 
  2. Pars intermedia 
  3. Pars nervosa 
  4. Pars tuberalis 
  5. Pars distalis

  B

  D

  E
• Uterine glands are straight and their lumen is relatively narrow, but the glands are growing longer and starting to coil, during – of the monthly menstrual cycle. 

  1. The luteal phase 
  2. Menses and the secretory phase 
  3. The secretory phase 
  4. Menses 
  5. The proliferative phase

  The proliferative phase