Human Histology - MIDTERM

• Phospholipid Precursors

  • These are converted to prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other important lipid mediators of the inflammatory response
• Macrophage

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in connective tissues, lymphoid organs, lungs, bone marrow, pleural and peritoneal cavities
• Mast Cells

  • These are oval or irregularly shaped cells filled with basophilic secretory granules
• Langerhans Cell

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in the epidermis of the skin.
• Fibroblasts

  • These are the major cells of connective tissue proper
• Mesenchymal Cells

  • These cells appear undifferentiated with large nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and fine chromatin, spindle-shaped with scant cytoplasm in histologic smears
• Fibrocyte

  • These cells are smaller than the active fibroblast, is usually spindle-shaped with fewer processes, much less RER, and a darker, more heterochromatic nucleus
• Serine Proteases

  • It activates various mediators of inflammation
• Plasma Cells

  • These cells differentiate from B lymphocytes, specialized for the abundant secretion of specific immunoglobulins
• Histamine

  • It promotes increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction
• Monocyte

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in the blood
• Macrophages

  • These cells usually have eccentrically located, oval or kidney-shaped nucleus, well-developed Golgi complexes and many lysosomes, but varies in size and shape corresponding to state of functional activity
• Myofibroblast

  • These cells are involved in wound healing, with well-developed contractile function and enriched with a form of actin
• Macrophages

  • These are short-lived cells that differentiate in connective tissue from monocytes circulating in the blood
• Multinuclear Giant Cell

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in connective tissues under various pathologic conditions
• Microglial Cell

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in the CNS
• Leukocytes

  • These are wandering cells through all types of connective tissue proper, providing surveillance against bacterial invaders and stimulating tissue repair
• Eosinophil and Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors

  • It attract leukocytes respectively
• Adipocytes

  • These cells in a large population serves to cushion and insulate the skin and other organs
• Kupffer Cell

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in the liver
• Plasma Cells

  • These are large, ovoid cells with basophilic cytoplasm rich in RER and a large Golgi apparatus near a pale-appearing spherical, eccentric nucleus
• Fibroblast

  • These cells have more abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm, containing much rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and a well-developed Golgi apparatus, with a large, ovoid, euchromatic nucleus and a prominent nucleolus
• Mast Cells

  • These primary function of these cells is to release various vasoactive agents and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions
• Macrophages

  • These are also called “histiocytes” as they are present in the connective tissue of most organs
• Dendritic Cell

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in the lymph nodes and spleen
• Cytokines

  • These are polypeptides directing activities of leukocytes and other cells of the immune system
• Osteoclast

  • These cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are widely distributed in bones
• Macrophage

  • These cells are abundant at sites of inflammation as its primary function is antigen presentation to lymphocytes
• Fibroblasts

  • These cells are the targets of growth factors that influence cell growth and differentiation
• Fibroblasts

  • These are elongated, irregularly shaped cells with oval nuclei that synthesize and secrete most components of the ECM
• Adipocytes

  • These are large, mesenchymally derived cells, specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as neutral fats, or for the production of heat
• Heparin

  • It is a sulfated GAG that acts locally as an anticoagulant
• Chondroitin Sulfate

  • These are found in the cartilage, bone, cornea, skin, notochord, and aorta
• Sulfated GAGs

  • These are shorter chains composed of other disaccharide polymers synthesized in Golgi complexes before secretion
• Keratan Sulfate

  • These are found in the nucleus pulposus, and annulus fibrosus
• Proteoglycans

  • These attach to polymers of HA via linker proteins to form huge complexes in ground substance that bind water and other substances, including certain polypeptide growth factors that help regulate fibroblast proliferation
• Fibrillar Collagens

  • It is composed of polypeptide subunits that aggregate to form large fibrils clearly visible in the electron or light microscope
• Collagen Type VII

  • It binds type IV collagen and anchors the basal lamina to the underlying reticular lamina in basement membranes
• Perlecan

  • It is the key proteoglycan in all basal laminae
• Hyaluronan

  • It is very long polymer of the disaccharide glucosamine-glucuronate