REVIEWER

• Alveoli


  Structures at the end of each bronchiole surrounded by capillaries
• Lungs

  Main organ of the respiratory system where exchange of gases occurs, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled out
• Diaphragm

  • Dome-shaped muscle that controls breathing located at the bottom of the lungs
  • When we inhale, the diaphragm contracts and moves down allowing air to move into the lungs
  • When we exhale, the diaphragm expands, thus reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forces air out
• Breathing is very important in life. Each organ of respiratory systems works together to circulate oxygen throughout the body
• Circulation of oxygen

  1. Nostril

  2. Pharynx

  3. Larynx

  4. Trachea

  5. Bronchi

  6. Bronchioles

  7. Alveoli
• The parts of the respiratory system are the nostril, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
• Respiratory system

  System responsible for the exchange of oxygen to carbon dioxide in the blood to be used by the cells
• Air flow during inhalation

  Enters the nose and passes through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tube, bronchioles
• You can protect yourself from respiratory diseases such as cold and pneumonia by living in a less crowded community and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
• Health habits to be free from viruses and other germs that cause respiratory diseases

  • List at least 5 health habits
• The brain of people is smarter than a computer
• The nervous system is the body's internal data processor
• The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the nerve cell
• The brain is the basic unit of the nervous system
• The nerve cells transmit messages from the brain to the different muscles to make them move
• The brain is the primary organ of the central nervous system contained within the skull
• Cerebrum (forebrain)

  The largest part of the brain. This part receives sensory messages. It acts as the center of emotions, consciousness, learning and voluntary movement
• Cerebellum

  Located beneath the cerebrum. It is smaller than the cerebrum. It coordinates involuntary and muscle action. It is responsible for man's ability to learn habits and develop skills. It also helps maintain a person's sense of balance
• Brain stem

  The elongated area at the base of the brain. It contains vital centers for autonomic functions
• Spinal cord

  A cordlike material in the backbone. It extends downward from the medulla oblongata through four-fifth of the spinal column
• Peripheral nervous system

  Collects information from the sense organ such as the eyes and the nose. This information is transmitted to the organs of the central nervous system which deliver decisions to the body parts that will act on the message. It is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body
• Neuron

  The functional unit of the nervous system. It has three parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon
• Types of neurons

  • Sensory neurons
  • Interneurons
  • Motor neurons
• Autonomic nervous system

  Controls or regulates body's internal environment, including the body temperature, pulse and respiration rate, and blood pressure
• Divisions of the autonomic nervous system


  • Sympathetic nerves
  • Parasympathetic nerves
• When a sympathetic nerve produces an effect


  The parasympathetic nerve opposes it
• The autonomic nervous system is directly involved in maintaining normal functions of cells
• Hormones are chemical messengers produced by various glands throughout the body.
• Inhalation

  Process of breathing in, where the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, creating more space for the lungs to fill with air
• Exhalation

  Process of breathing out, where the diaphragm relaxes and moves back up, reducing the space for the lungs and forcing air out
• Contraction

  Process of the diaphragm becoming shorter and thicker, which creates more space in the chest cavity for the lungs to expand
• Relaxation

  Process of the diaphragm returning to its original dome shape, which reduces the space in the chest cavity and forces the lungs to contract and expel air
• Diaphragm

  Dome-shaped muscle that controls breathing located at the bottom of the lungs