Globalization

• Globalization is a broad topic, it cannot be limited to a single definition or discipline only.
• According to Dulupcu & Demirel, 2005, it came from the root word Global (the definition differs in different languages)
• According to Meydan Larousse (turkish encyclopedia), “global” means ‘undertaken entirely’ = handled altogether
• While in French, it means, ‘homogeneity’ = uniformity, similar
• refers to the processes by which more people across large distances become connected in more and different ways.
• an interaction of people and primarily an economic process of integration which has social and cultural aspects as well.
• it equates to "deterritorialization", a process through which the constraints of the physical space lose their hold on social relations.
• also refers to the dissemination of information and knowledge from one person to another or to a group of people.
• Culture includes traditions, customs, and cuisines
• Economy, this area includes any activities outside a country’s borders with direct effect on their economy
• Politics refers to bilateral/multilateral relations between countries/states
• Environment, a platform was given for the discussion of several environmental issues through Media, including multiple advocacies and projects by organizations and nations
• Socialization refers to communication and interaction of people from different countries, it can be personal, face to face, or through the use of media
• Religion spread of religion and teachings, inter-border movement, spread, and conversion of religion thru early interactions or thru colonization
• Ideology this includes the following ideologies in International Relations such as Realism, Liberalism, Marxism, Constructivism
• Technology refers to several innovations and modernization
• Media also includes digital media, print media, social media
• Transference is considered as an Inside-out process
• TRANSFORMATION is considered as an Outside-in process
• TRANSCENDENCE is neither inside out or outside in, but a process itself that dissolves the distinction between inside and outside, everyone is under the same umbrella or bracket (hence, the organizations) - states die and total emancipation finds the door open
• Early history - The Silk Road was an ancient trade route that linked the Western world with the Middle East and Asia.
• Medieval - Age of Discovery/Expedition
• Pre-modern (Industrial revolution) - change in economic and social activities, beginning in the 18th century, brought by the replacement of hand tools with machinery and mass production.
• Modern - great development in commerce, trading, abolishment of tariffs and taxes, creation of global corporations, and exchange in culture and traditions - innovation, technology, rise of media
• MISCONCEPTIONS- Started during 1980s or early 2000s, Economic Imperialism/Westernization, Homogenization, Against Human Rights, Pose threats to local identities
• Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO)
• Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO)
• Multinational corporations (MNC)
• According to American Defense Institute, Globalization is the inter-border movement of products, services, capital, technology, idea, information, culture, and nation