additional

• Components of the human reproductive system

  • External sex organs
  • Internal sex organs
  • Gonads
• Gonads

  Sex organs that produce gametes or sex cells
• Primary gonads/sex organs

  • Testes (male)
  • Ovaries (female)
• Gametes/sex cells

  • Spermatocytes (sperm cells in male)
  • Oocytes (egg cells in female)
• Hormones

  • Progesterone & estrogen (female)
  • Testosterone (male)
• Uses of hormones

  • Development of secondary sexual characteristics
  • Regulating functions of reproductive system

  
• Reproduction

  Biological process by which new species or organisms are produced
• Functions of reproduction

  • Production of gametes/sex cells & hormones
  • Transportation of gametes
  • Nourishment (during pregnancy)
• Reproduction is essential for the continuation of species and to prevent extinction
• Components of the male reproductive system

  • Testes/testicles
  • Penis
  • Genital ducts
  • Accessory glands
• Testes/testicles

  Male gonads or sex organs responsible for production of sperm cells and testosterone
• Scrotum

  Skinny pouch that houses testes and regulates their temperature
• Penis

  Male copulatory organ that delivers semen to vagina
• Epididymis

  Pair of long coiled tubes where sperm cells are temporarily stored until maturity
• Vas deferens

  Tube that transports mature sperm cells from epididymis to urethra
• Vasectomy

  Surgical procedure to cut the vas deferens and prevent transfer of sperm cells
• Other male reproductive organs

  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate gland
  • Bulbourethral gland
• Functions of the male reproductive system

  • Production & maintenance of sperm
  • Transport of semen
  • Discharging sperm to female
  • Secretion of testosterone
• Components of the female reproductive system

  • Ovaries
  • Uterus
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Vagina
  • Labia
  • Clitoris
  • Vulva
• Ovaries

  Female gonads or sex organs responsible for production of egg cells, estrogen & progesterone

  
• Uterus

  Pear-shaped organ that is home to developing fetus, composed of elastic muscles
• Fallopian tube

  Site of fertilization where sperm and egg cell unite
• Vagina

  Female copulatory organ, also known as birth canal
• Parts of the labia

  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
• Vulva

  External genitalia of the female, consisting of mons pubis, labia, & vestibular glands
• Functions of the female reproductive system

  • Production of female gametes & gonads
  • Menstruation
  • Site of fertilization, implantation, embryonic development
• Anatomy is the science of body structures, while physiology is the science of body functions
• Testosterone and androgen are male hormones
• Endocrine system

  Composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, mood and reproduction
• Hormones

  Organic substances released by glands of the endocrine system directly into the bloodstream, acting as chemical messengers to maintain homeostasis
• Hypothalamus

  Small organ at the base of the brain near the pituitary gland
• Pituitary gland

  Considered the master gland, with an anterior and posterior lobe
• Hormones regulating the male reproductive system

  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
  • Testosterone
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

  Stimulates sperm cell production in testes
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

  Synthesizes testosterone and supports sperm cell production in testes
• Testosterone

  Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics and sexual behavior
• Male hypogonadism

  Abnormality in testosterone production affecting secondary sexual characteristics and sexual behavior
• Causes of male hypogonadism

  • Injury in testes
  • Obesity
  • Abnormality in pituitary gland
  • Alcohol abuse
• Pituitary hormones (LH & FSH)

  Stimulate spermatogenesis & testosterone secretion by testes
• Testes hormones (Testosterone & Inhibin)

  Inhibit the secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus & LH and FSH by the pituitary