sci q4

• Biochemistry

  The branch of chemistry that deals with the properties and reactions of molecules in living organisms
• Bioelements that make up living things

  • Carbon (C)
  • Oxygen (O)
  • Hydrogen (H)
  • Nitrogen (N)
• BOYLE'S LAW

  Robert Boyle
• Carbon

  • Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids contain carbon
  • It can be found in all parts of all living things
• BOYLE'S LAW

  Pressure-Volume Relationship
• Oxygen

  • Most abundant element in Earth's crust
  • It is present in all forms of biomolecules namely carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
• Boyle's Law

  States that the pressure of the gas is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to its volume
• Nitrogen

  • Most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere
  • It can be found in proteins and nucleic acids
• Hydrogen

  • Simplest element
  • It is present in three major biomolecules, namely, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
• CHARLE'S LAW

  Jacques Alexandre Charles
• Biomolecules

  • The building blocks of living things
  • They are considered as "macromolecules"
• CHARLE'S LAW

  Volume-Temperature Relationship
• Polymer

  Long molecule that consists of several monomers, which are combined through covalent bonding
• Charle's Law

  The relationship states that at constant pressure, an increase in temperature of the gas will increase the volume it occupies and a corresponding decrease in temperature would lower its volume. The temperature must be in Kelvin
• Monomer

  Building blocks of biomolecules
• Carbohydrates

  • Derived from the Greek word "sakcharon" which means "sugar"
  • They are also called as "saccharides"
  • Major Function: Provide immediate energy to the body
• Classification of Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides

  • Simplest form of carbohydrate
  • Also called as "single sugar"
  • Considered as the building blocks of complex carbohydrates
• GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW

  Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
• GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW

  Pressure-Temperature Relationship
• Monosaccharides

  • Glucose (Immediate source of energy, Also known as "Blood sugar", Found in honey and fruits)
  • Fructose (Also known as "Fruit Sugar or Levulose")
  • Galactose (Also known as "Milk Sugar")
• Disaccharides

  • It is formed when two monosaccharides combined
  • Undergo a process called "Dehydration synthesis"
• Gay-Lussac's Law

  The relationship states that the pressure of the gas is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the absolute temperature
• Disaccharides

  • Glucose + Fructose (Also known as "Table Sugar")
  • Glucose + Glucose (Also known as "Malt Sugar")
  • Glucose + Galactose (Sugar found in milk)
• Polysaccharides

  • Most abundant type of carbohydrates that are naturally occurring
  • Consists of more than 10 monosaccharides units
• Polysaccharides

  • Consists of glucose units (Also known as "Animal starch", Abundant in liver and muscle cells, External skeleton in animals)
  • Consists of glucose units (It can be found only in plants)
  • Consists of glucose units (Found in plants and is one of the most important parts of our diet)
• Lipids

  Organic compounds that are insoluble in water
• ACTIVITY 2: CHARLE'S LAW AND GAY-LUSSAC'S LAW

  INSTRUCTIONS: If you do not have a Science Book: Write your ANSWER in cross-wise (ANSWER ONLY) If you have a book, answer Activity 2 on the book. Page 227 for Charle's Law and page 228 for Gay-Lussac's Law. Date of submission: April 11, 2024 (Thursday) Failure to submit on the day of submission will have a zero (0) score. Follow the GRESA Method in solving the problems.
• Fatty Acid


  Building block of lipids
• Take note: Pressure at STP= 760 mm Hg
• Lipids

  • Storage of energy
  • Chemical signals in the cell (hormones)
  • Boundaries for cells
  • Cushion for organs
• Classification of Lipids

  • Fats and Oils
  • Waxes
  • Steroids
  • Phospholipids
• Fats and Oils

  • Triaglycerides: commonly known as fats and oils
  • Animals have fats that they use to store energy, provide insulation, and protect the sensitive parts of the body
  • Plants also store energy in the form of oils, which can be found in their seeds
• Fats and Oils

  • Single bonded and are solid at room temperature (Saturated fats are considered bad fats)
  • Double bonded and are liquid at room temperature (Unsaturated fats are considered good fats)
• Waxes

  Typically found in plants and are used as protection to avoid water loss
• Steroids

  Have a significant role in reproduction, regulation of metabolism, and absorption
• Phospholipids

  • Found in the bilayer of the membrane in plants
  • It serves as a membrane structural component
  • It has a phospholipid bilayer that is hydrophobic and hydrophilic in the cell membranes
• Proteins

  It is considered as the primary building materials of the body
• Amino Acid

  Building blocks of protein
• Proteins

  • Serves as transport and storage of essential substances
  • Responsible for coordinating movements, and provide mechanical support and protection against diseases