disease

• COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

  • causes of morbidity
  • caused by an infectious agent or its toxic products
  • transmitted directly or indirectly to a person, animal, or intermediary host or inanimate environment
• CONTAGIOUS

  Transmitted through direct physical contact.
• INFECTIOUS

  Transmitted indirectly through

  • contaminated food
  • body fluids objects airborne inhalation
  • through vector organisms.
• AGENT

  • organism involved in the development of the disease.
  • eg: bacteria, viruses, rickettsia
• HOST

  • any organism that harbors and provides nutrition for the agent.
  • eg: humans, animals
• ENVIRONMENT

  • condition in which the agent may exist, survive, or originate.
  • eg: physical, biological, socio economic
• CAUSATIVE AGENT

  any organism capable of producing a disease. It includes bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, protozoa, and helminths.
• RESERVOIR

  the environment or object in or on which an organism survives and multiplies. Inanimate objects, human beings and other animals can serve as reservoir.
• PORTAL OF EXIT

  • path by which an agent leaves its reservoir
  • eg: respiratory, genitourinary
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION

  • means by which the agent passes from the portal of exit in the reservoir to the susceptible host.
  • eg: airborne, droplet, vector
• PORTAL OF ENTRY

  • path by which an agent invades a susceptible host
  • eg: usually the same as portal of exit
• SUSPECTIBLE HOST


  various factors of the individual that present barriers to the invasion and multiplication of agent
• TUBERCULOSIS

  also known as Phthisis, Consumption disease, Koch’s disease.
• DENGUE

  is a mosquito-borne infection found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world
• 4 SEROTYPES OF DENGUE

  •  DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4
• 3 CATEGORIES OF DENGUE

  1.  undifferentiated fever
  2. dengue fever (DF)
  3. dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)
• DENGUE SYMPTOMS

  eye pain, muscle pain, bone pain, joint pain, headache, rash, nausea/vomiting.
• MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES

  • dengue hemorrhagic fever
  • malaria
  • filariasis
• MALARIA

  fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans.
• MALARIA MODE OF TRANSMISSION

  vector female anopheles
• CAUSATIVE AGENT OF FILARIASIS

  wuchereria bancrofti, burgia malayi
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF FILARIASIS

  bite of mosquito
• ENDEMIC DISEASES

  1. SCHISTOMIASIS
  2. LEPTOSPIROSIS
  3. LEPROSY
  4. RABIES
• TREATMENT FOR RABIES

  ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION - administration of vaccine to induce protective immune response through antibody and cell production in order to neutralize the rabies virus in the body.
• DOTS

  Directly

  Observed

  Treatment

  Short course
• ANTIGEN/ANTIBODY TEST

  • involve drawing blood from a vein
  • antigens are substances on the virus itself and are usually detectable-a positive test in the blood
• ANTIBODY TESTS


  look for antibodies to HIV in blood or saliva
• NUCLEIC ACID TESTS (NATs)

  lock for the actual virus in your blood (viral load)
• CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19)

  • from malayan pangolins
  • through direct or indirect contact
  • droplet infection
  • ribavirin, interferon, lopinavir-ritonavir
• NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (MERS COV)

  • from dromedary camels
  • direct or indirect contact
  • consumption of raw or undercooked animal
  • no vaccine or specific treatment
• BETACORONAVIRUS (SARS)

  • from civet cats
  • direct or indirect contact
  • droplet infection
  • no cure so far
• ENDEMIC DISEASE

  • in a population or region
  • low spread
• EPIDEMIC DISEASE

  • spreading through large population
• PANDEMIC DISEASE

  • increase in cases across several countries, continents or the world
• upper respiratory infection, croup

  • influeza a and b virus
  • parainfluenza 1-3 virus
  • respiratory synctical
• NORWALK VIRUS

  gastroenteritis
• HEPATITIS E/C

  hepatitis
• RUBIVIRUS

  rubella
• ZIKA VIRUS

  zika
• DENGUE VIRUS

  dengue