Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis)

• Growth Phase - the cells grows along with the execution of its routine metabolic processes.
• Synthetic Phase - the cells DNA is being copied faithfully through the process of DNA replication, which involves many regulatory proteins.
• Growth Phase 2 - the cell makes final preparations before its division.
• Mitotic Phase - the cell will undergo prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
• Mitosis - division of somatic cells (non-reproductive cells in eukaryotic organisms).
• Mitosis: 4 Sub-phases

  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
  • Cytokinesis
• Prophase:

  • Chromosomes
  • Condense
  • Spindle forms (spindle fibers are specialized microtubes radiating out from centrioles)
  • Chromosomes are captured captured by spindle.
• Metaphase:

  • Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell with one chromatic facing each pole.
• Anaphase:

  • Sister chromosomes separate.
  • Free spindle fibers lengthen and push the poles of the cell apart.
• Telophase:

  • Spindle fibers disintegrate.
  • Nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes.
  • Chromosomes revert to their extended state.
  • Cytokinesis occurs, enclosing each daughter nucleus into a separate cell.
• Meiosis - a single germ divides into four unique daughter cells.
• Sexual Reproduction - fusion of two gametes to produce a single zygote.
• In meiosis, there are 2 divisions of the nucleus: Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2.
• Anaphase 1 - the homologous chromosomes migrate toward each pole.
• Telophase 1 - the daughter cells completely divide with an equal amount of chromosomes along with the reappearance of the nuclei.