PHLEB LEC MODULE 7

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    Created by
    Mee Jean

    Cards (54)

    • Pre-anaytical-
      Begins when a test is ordered and ends when
      testing begins
    • Reference Range / Intervals — consists of range values with high and low limits ● Test confirm health or screen, diagnose, & monitor disease ● For healthy fasting individuals
    • Basal State — resting state of the body early in the morning after fasting 12 hours
    • Age - RBC, WBC, Creatinine clearance
    • Altitude - RBC
    • Dehydration - Hemoconcentration, RBC, enzymes, Fe, Ca, Na
    • Diet - Glucose, Lipids, Electrolytes
    • Diurnal variation - TSH, Cortisol, Fe
    • Drug therapy - Enzymes, Hormones
    • Exercise / IM injection - pH, PCO2, CK, LDH, Glucose
    • Fever - Hormones, cortisol
    • Gender - RBC, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin
    • Jaundice - Yellow color interfered
    • Position - Protein, K
    • Pregnancy - RBC
    • Smoking - Cholesterol, cortisol, Glucose, GH, TAGS, WBC
    • Stress - WBC, Fe, ACTH, Catecholamine, cortisol
    • RBC and WBC values are normally higher in newborns than adults , Creatinine levels are higher in elderly patients
    • Dehydration causes hemoconcentration (blood that cannot leave the bloodstream become concentrated)
    • vigorous exercise shortly before blood collection can temporarily increase cholesterol levels by 6% or more
    • fever induced hypoglycemia increases insulin & glucagon levels
    • Sclerosed - hardened veins
    • Thrombosed - clotted veins
    • Edema - Abnormal fluid in tissues = erroneous results
    • Hematoma - Clotting blood inside Coagulation = inaccurate results
    • Mastectomy – surgical breast removal
    • Mastectomy - Causes lymphostasis or stoppage of lymph flow
    • Vascular Access Devices
      • Arterial line
      • Arteriovenous AV shunt, fistula, graft
      • Heparin lock
      • BLOOD SAMPLING DEVICE
      • CENTRAL VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICES (CVAD)
    • ARTERIAL LINE- Catheter placed in radial artery to measure blood pressure, collect blood gas and administer drugs
    • NEVER venipuncture or tourniquet arterial line
    • Arteriovenous AV shunt - Surgical connection of artery and vein by fistula (direct fusion)
    • Fistula - dialysis
    • BLOOD SAMPLING DEVICE - Connected to arterial catheter (VAD) for collecting blood specimens Example: VAMP (venous arterial blood management protection system)
    • HEPARIN OR SALINE LOCK - Catheter connected to stopcock for drawing blood and administering drugs
    • INTRAVENOUS SITES - Catheter inserted in vein to administer fluids
    • PREVIOUSLY ACTIVE IV SITES - Collect 24-48 hours after IV discontinued
    • CENTRAL VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICES (CVAD) - Also called indwelling line
      • This long tube is placed in a vein that leads to your heart.
    • Central Venous Catheter (CVC) or central venous line - Inserted into large vein (subclavian and superior vena cava)
    • Implanted Port - Implanted in skin in upper chest or arm
    • Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) - Inserted in peripheral nervous system and threaded in central venous system
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