REVIEW CLIPSY

• Psychological Intervention - method in inducing changes in a person's

  behaviors, thoughts, or feelings.
• Wolberg ( 1967) psychotherapy is a form of treatment for problems of an emotional nature in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with a patient with the object or removing, modifying or regarding existing symptoms of mediating disturbed paterns of behavior, and of promoting positive personality growth and deveropment.
• THE EFFICACY OF THE TREATMENT

  average person receiving tne treatment in clinical trials is demonstrated to be significanty less dysfunctional than the average person nor receiving any treatment.
• Psychotherapy is a form of intervennon that occurs in a professional conrext whose aim is to solve psychological probiems, improve coping and functioning, prevent future problems, or increase life satisfaction
• Evidence-based treatment originally called empirically validated treatment
• APA defines EBT in psychotherapy as ”the integration of the best available rese with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.”
• Precontemplation - client has no intention of changing his/her behavior in near future
• Contemplation - client is aware that a problem exists but has not yet committed him-or herself to trying to make changes
• Preparation - client intends to make a change in near future
• Action - clients are changing their malada behaviors, emotions, and/or th environment
• Maintenance - client works on preventing relapses and on furthering the gains that have been made during the action stage
• Termination - client has made the nec changes, and relapse is no longer a threat
• Eysenck (1952) produce a report suggesting that psychotherapy with “neurotics” was no more effective at all
• Sigmund Freud - founder of psychoanalysis, Freud’s work laid the foundation of psychodynamic theory
• Jean Charcot - studies of “hysteria” and use of hypnosis
• Josef Breuer - “Anna O,” talking cure
• Determinist - “everything we fo has meaning and purpose and is goal directed “
• Unconscious Motivation - significant portion of human behavior is driven by unconscious desires, wishes, and impulses that are not directly accessible to conscious awareness
• Instinct - the energy that makes the human machine function
• Eros (life instincts) - basic drive for survival, self-preservation, and reproduction
• Thanos (death instinct) A Freud suggested that humans also possess an innate drive tow aggression, destruction, and death
• Id - deep inaccessible portion of the personality
• Ego - executive of the personality
• Superego - ideals and values of society
• Freud considered childhood to be a paramount importance in snaping the character and personality of the individual
• Oral - mouth
• Anal - defecation and urination
• Phallic - sexual organs
• Latency - overt sexual activity
• Genital - mature expression of sexuality
• Anxiety - a central psychological phenomenon that arises from conflicts between parts of the mind and between unconscious desires and conscious thoughts
• Reality Anxiety - stems from a fear that one‘s id impulses will be expressed unchecked
• Moral Anxiety - arises from a fear that one will not conform to the standards of the conscience
• Ego Defenses - “defense mechanism” divert psychic energy from more constructive activities and at the same time distort reality
• Free Association - patients must say anything and everything that comes to mind
• Dreams - thought to reveal the nature of the unconscious “royal road to the unconscious “
• Manifest Content - literal events and imagery of the dream
• Latent Content - hidd, symbolic meanings and desires
• Transference and Projection - dream analysis can reveal transference reactions. this provides insights to the patient‘s emotional experiences and relationships
• Unconscious conflicts - desires and unresolved issues can be brought into conscious awareness