CLINICAL ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS

• Clinical Assessment


  A systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological and social factors
• Diagnosis


  This is the process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder
• Affect


  Refers to the feeling state that accompanies what we say at a given point.
• Clinical Assessment

  A systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder

  
• Diagnosis


  The process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder, as set forth in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5)

  
• The first neuroimaging technique was developed in the early 1970's.
• Affect

  Refers to the feeling state that accompanies what we say at a given point. Usually our affect is "appropriate" to what we think and feel
• This procedure, which takes 15 minutes, is called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan or CT scan.

  This gives an image of the brain structure.
• magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• These signals "excite" the brain tissue, altering the protons in the hydrogen atoms and this gives an image of the brain structure.
• positron emission tomography (PET) scan are injected with a tracer substance to radioctive isotopes
• single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

  this procedure is somewhat less accurate. It is also less expensive and requires far less sophisticated.
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
• electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Idiographic Strategy is used when we want to determine what is unique about an individual's personality, cultural background, or circumstances.
• Nomothetic Strategy is used when we want to take advantage of the information already accumulated on a particular problem or disorder by determining a general class of problems.
• Refers to any effort to construct groups or categories and to assign objects or people to these categories on the basis of their shared attributes or relations (nomothetic strategy).
• Taxonomy is used if the classification is in scientific context and entities for scientific purposes. (behaviors)
• nosology

  If one applies a taxonomic system to psychological or medical phenomena or other clinical areas.
• nomenclature

  describes the names or labels of the disorders
• The classical (pure) categorical approach to classification originates in the work of Emil Kraepelin
• Emil Kraepelin was one of the first psychiatrists to classify psychological disorders from a biological point of view.
• Kraepelin first identified what we now know as the disorder of schizophrenia which he coined at the time as dementia praecox.
• Dementia praecox refers to the deterioration of the brain that sometimes occur with advancing age (dementia) and develops earlier than it is supposed to, or "prematurely" (praecox).
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-I)

  1952
• DSM-II

  1968
• Robert Spitzer (DSM III)

  1980