SCIENCE

• Gas properties

  • Pressure
  • Temperature
  • Volume
• Boyle's Law

  Volume and pressure are inversely proportional
• Lesser volume

  Higher pressure
• Higher volume

  Lesser pressure
• Gas pressure units

  • atm
  • torr
  • N/m2
  • Pa
  • mmHg
  • psi
• More gas particles = more pressure
• Gas has mass
• Air can still be pumped inside a balloon even though it is already inflated since gas is compressible
• Boyle's Law

  The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure
• Pressure up

  Volume down
• Pressure down

  Volume up
• Boyle's Law

  • Water pressure increases = lungs get compressed
  • If pressure is doubled, the volume will be reduced to half
  • Air bubbles increase in size as it approaches the surface due to low water pressure
  • Deep sea fishes die when brought to the surface due to a decreased pressure. This results in an increased volume of gases in their bodies
  • Balloon volume increase = pressure decreases (brought to high altitude)
  • Pressure tire decreases = volume tire increases
• Charles Law

  Volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure remains constant
• Charles Law

  • Balloon expands when subjected to heat
  • Hot air balloon
  • Pressure cooker
  • The volume of dough increases as its temperature increases
• To determine the value of a dependent variable on a graph, get the intercept of the x and y values. For example, at 375K, the volume of gas would be 300 mL
• Biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Nucleic Acid
  • Lipids
• Monomers - basic building unit of all organic compounds
• Carbohydrates = monosaccharide
• Proteins = amino acid
• Nucleic Acid = nucleotide
• Lipids = fatty acid
• Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen - elements that are common in all types of biomolecules
• Carbohydrates - main source of energy because it can be easily broken down
• Glucose - example of carbohydrate
• Carbohydrates - biomolecules that may cause weight gain
• Condensation Reaction or simply condensation is the process of joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide
• Polysaccharide

  • starch
  • glycogen
  • cellulose
• Amino Acids are building blocks of the biomolecule protein
• We can get a steady supply of amino acids from protein rich diet
• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions
• Major sources of proteins

  • eggs
  • fish
  • milk
• Proteins help in building and repairing tissue
• Most abundant of the lipids are fats and oils
• Oleic Acid is a type of lipid
• RNA and DNA are 2 kinds of Nucleic Acids