UCSP 4TH QRTR

• Kinship is a social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society.
• Kinship


  Social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society
• Types of Kinship

  • Kinship by Blood
  • Kinship by Marriage
  • Kinship by Rituals
• Kinship by Blood (Consanguineal)


  • Relationship achieved by birth or blood affinity
  • Descent refers to biological relationship
  • Lineage refers to line where one's descent is traced
  • Patrilineal form of descent - males and
  • Matrilineal form of descent
  • Bilateral form of descent
• Kinship by Marriage (Affinal)


  • Endogamy - compulsory marriage
  • Exogamy - out-marriage
  • Monogamy - one male/female partner
  • Polygamy - more than one partner
  • Polygyny - man has multiple female partners
  • Polyandry - woman has multiple male partners
  • Patrilocal - couple stays with husband's relatives
  • Matrilocal - couple stays with wife's relatives
  • Biolocal - couple stays with both sets of relatives
  • Arranged marriage
  • Referred marriage
• Post-Marital Residence Rules

  • Neolocal - new household formed
  • Patrilocal - couple stays with husband's family
  • Matrilocal - couple stays with wife's family
  • Matrifocal - woman and her children without husband
  • Avunculocal - men relocate to mother's brother's household
  • Ambilocal - couple decides to join either spouse's household
  • Natalocal - each partner remains with own family
• Kinship by Rituals (Compadrazgo)


  Ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family
• Family


  Basic unit of social organization, made up of individuals linked by marriage, blood, or adoption
• Types of Families

  • Nuclear family
  • Extended family
  • Blended family
• Types of Households

  • Nuclear household
  • Extended household
  • Reconstituted household
  • Matrifocal household
  • Transnational family
• Political Organization

  • Bands - several families living together
  • Tribes - acephalous political system
  • Chiefdom - formal leadership, authority in select family
  • Nation - people sharing common history, language, traditions
• Legitimacy


  Moral and ethical concept that bestows the right to exercise power
• Authority


  Power to make binding decisions and issue commands
• Types of Authority

  • Traditional authority - derived from customs and habits
  • Charismatic authority - derived from individual's charisma
  • Rational-legal authority - derived from formal rules and laws
• Kinship


  Relationship or affinity
• Kinship by Blood

  • Unilineal
  • Matrilineal
  • Patrilineal
  • Bilateral
• Unilineal


  Descent through either the maternal or paternal line only
• Matrilineal


  Descent through the female line
• Patrilineal


  Descent through the male line
• Bilateral


  Descent through both the mother and father
• Lineal


  Having a direct family relationship or affinity
• Monogamy


  Being married to one (1) spouse
• Polygamy


  The practice of having more than one (1) spouse
• Types of Household

  • One-person
  • Multi-person
• One-person household


  An arrangement in which one (1) person makes provision for his/her own food or other essentials for living without combining with any other person
• Multi-person household


  A group of two (2) or more persons living together who make common provision for food or other essentials for living
• Family


  Members of the household who are related, to a specified degree, through blood, adoption or marriage
• Family consists of at least two (2) members
• Members of a family must be related
• Family cannot comprise more than one (1) household
• Bands - found in foraging societies
• Tribes - found among horiculturalist and pastoralist society
• Chiefdom- involve in more formal and permanent political structure
• Types of political organization

  Bands

  Tribes

  Chiefdom
• Patrilineal form of descent - male and females belong to the kin group of their father, but do not belong to mother's kin group
• Matrilineal form of descent- traced through female line

  Bilateral form of descent - trace both ancestral lines of mother and father
• affinial kinship- developed when marriage occurs
• endogamy - practiced by number of ethnic groups, religious and aristocratic classes
• exogamy - marriage custom where individual is required by society to marry outside of their group
• arranged marriage - arranged by the parents of groom and bride