illnesses

• BONE MARROW ASPIRATION

  • is done to identify the type of WBC involved or to document the type of leukemia
• LEUKEMIA


  Is the distorted and uncontrolled proliferation of WBCs (leukocytes) and is the most frequently occurring type of cancer in children.
• What does radiograph of long bone reveal in (ALL)?

  lesions caused by the invasion of abnormal cells
• Classified to define subgroups of cells and to predict the usual response to treatment.

  LEUKEMIA
• What is the goal therapy for leukemia?

  a complete cure, based on the use of chemotherapeutic agents.
• During the maintenance phase, the child’s blood values must be monitored at least

  monthly
• Kidney failure may result if

  uric acid levels rise as a result of the breakdown of leukemic cells during chemotherapy, plugging of renal tubules with uric acid crystals
• The effect of chemotherapy, children with leukemia also are extremely prone to

  MASSIVE HEMORRHAGE
• What should be administered before the immunization of chickenpox

  varicella immune globulin
• Common chronic disease in childhood

  ASTHMA
• NEPHROBLASTOMA (WILMS' TUMOR) STAGES I


  confined to the kidney and removed surgically
• NEPHROBLASTOMA (WILMS' TUMOR) STAGE II


  extending beyond the kidney but completely removed surgically
• NEPHROBLASTOMA (WILMS' TUMOR) STAGE III


  regional spread of disease beyond the kidney with residual abdominal disease postoperatively
• NEPHROBLASTOMA (WILMS' TUMOR) STAGE IV


  metastases to lung, liver, bone, distant lymph nose, other distant sites
• NEPHROBLASTOMA (WILMS' TUMOR) STAGE V


  bilateral disease
• DX: Risk for infection related to non-functioning WBCs and immunosuppressive effects of therapy

  • Child’s temperature remains lower than 98.6° F (37.0° C)
  • Child with leukemia
  • Functioning WBCs is reduced and the drugs used for treatment are immunosuppressive
• DX: Risk for deficient fluid volume related to increased chance of hemorrhage from poor platelet production

  • the platelet count is low because of poor platelet production
  • dRisk for deficient fluid volume related to increased chance of hemorrhage from poor platelet production
• DX: Pain related to invasion of leukocytes

  • Child states that pain is tolerable (if infant, not crying)
  • Children with acute leukemia experience pain because of the vast number of WBCs that invade the periosteum of the bones
• DX: Ineffective health maintenance related to long-term therapy for leukemia  

  • Chickenpox can be fatal to a child who is immunosuppressed, have parents ask the child’s school to notify them if any other child in the school develops chickenpox, so appropriate immune protection can be given.