Acids and Bases

Cards (25)

  • Hydrolysis

    The reaction of a salt with water which changes the PH of the solution.
  • Acid (Arhenius)

    A substance that produces hydrogen ions(H+)/(H3O+) in aqueous solution.
  • Base (Arhenius)

    A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH‐) in aqueous solution.
  • Acid (Bronsted) 

    An acid is a proton (H+ Ion) donor.
  • Base (Bronsted) 

    A base is a proton (H+ ion) acceptor
  • Ampholyte
    A substance that conducts electric current and acts as either an acid or a base.
  • Equivalence Point of a Titration
    The point at which an acid/base has completely reacted with an acid/base.
  • End Point of a Titration
    The point where the indicator changes colour.
  • Define Kw Value
    The equilibrium constant for the ionisation of water.
  • Auto-ionisation of water
    The reaction of water with itself to form H3O+ ions and OH‐ ions.
  • Strong Acids
    • HCL- Hydrochloric acid
    • H2SO4 - Sulphuric acid
    • HNO3 - Nitric Acid
  • Strong Base
    • NaOH - Sodium hydroxide
    • KOH - Potassium hydroxide
    • Mg(OH)2 - Magnesium hydroxide
  • Weak Base
    • NaHCO3 - Sodium hydrogen carbonate
    • NH3 - Ammonia
  • Acid + Metal --->? 

    Salt + H2(g)
  • Acid + Metaloxide --->? 

    Salt + Water
    E.g.) HCL + ZnO ---> H20 + ZnCL
    (Balanced) 2HCL + ZnO ---> H20 + ZnCL2
  • Acid + Metalhydroxide --->? 

    Salt + Water
    E.g.) HCL + KOH ---> H2O + KCL
  • Acid + Metalcorbonate --->? 

    Salt + Water + CO2(g)
    E.g.) HCL + MgCO3 ---> CO2 + H2O + MgCL
    Balanced: 2HCL + MgCO3 ---> CO2 + H2O + Mg2CL
  • Acid + Ammonia --->? 

    Ammonium salt
    E.g) HCL + NH3 ---> NH4CL
  • Strong acid + Strong base = 

    • PH = ±7
    • Indicator - Bromothymol Blue
    • Indicator PH Range = 6.0 - 7.6
    • Colour = Yellow to blue
  • Strong acid + Weak base = 

    • PH = <7
    • Indicator - Methyl Orange
    • Indicator PH Range = 3.2-4.4
    • Colour = Red to yellow
  • Weak acid + Strong base =
    • PH > 7
    • Indicator - Phenolpthalein
    • Indicator PH range = 8.2-10
    • Colour = colorless to pink
  • Weak acid + Weak base = 

    • PH = ±7
    • Indicator - Bromothymal Blue
    • Indicator PH Range = 6.0-7.6
    • Colour = Yellow to blue
  • What is Standard Temperature and Pressure
    Standard Temperature = 0°C / 273K
    Standard Pressure = 1atm
  • Weak Acids:
    H3PO4 - Phosphoric acid
    CH3COOH - Ethanoic acid
    H2CO3 - Carbonic acid
  • A weak acid:
    Ionizes incompletely in water to form a low concentration of H3O+ Ions.